Historical Evolution of Political System in Indonesia

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Historical Evolution of Political System in Indonesia

Indonesia has passed 68 years of its independence since 1945 with its ideology as a democratic state. After all the struggles and changes of the way to be independent, Indonesia has a historical evolution of ideology until it could be democratic like nowadays. Even though Indonesia was declared independent with its ideology of democracy, is it actually democratic for the people and the state?

Since the beginning of the declaration of independence by Soekarno in 1945, Indonesia started to create its own political system. It started with the era of Soekarno as president with guided democracy. Then, after 5 years passed, the leaders thought that the political system should be change to parliamentary democracy. In this political system, it pointed the prime minister as the head of the government and the role of president as the head of the state.

Parliamentary democracy showed the democracy of people to have rights in the government. It reflected the many amount of political parties shown up as the vehicle to enter the parliament. The role of the prime minister was also strong in making decisions which made the role of president covered. In the way of the state’s interest, it was dominated by the parliamentary interest. Hence, it made many changes in rolling the cabinet of parliament that made the programs to support the state’s interest became paused.

After the experiences of parliamentary democracy, President Soekarno changed the political system to guided democracy. This political system took back the position of president as the leader of the government. In this period, President Soekarno had a big power in controlling the state. Democracy was reflected by the freedom of Soekarno as the president with the political parties that was merged into big parties to deliver their aspirations and ideas as the part of making decisions.

The evolution of democracy continued in the period of Soeharto as the successor of Soekarno. Soeharto replaced Soekarno’s position as the president of Indonesia. Democracy in this period was shown in the general election, where people have the rights to choose their own proper leader. Actually, it was only a theory of democracy, because actually in the field, people were forced to choose Soeharto as the president for 6 periods during his leadership. They were forced to be killed, fired from their jobs and life in terrors if they refused to choose Soeharto. It made Indonesia in the system of authoritarian and pressure, because of the limitation in the way to express their feelings and aspiration to the government.

The authoritarian leadership of Soeharto made pressures and forces to the people that made the youth burned and find the way to make reformation. It caused the reformation at 1998 by the youth, scholars, and university students. This reformation reflected the democracy of people to have their own opinion and critics through the government even it was harmed. Reformation as the way of democracy resulted a new political system as Indonesia used nowadays.

The new order of democracy as Indonesia applied nowadays is the democratic political system with the role of 3 legal institutions of the state, which were executives, legislatives and judicative. These institutions reflected the definition of democracy with the rights of people to deliver their aspirations through the legislatives as the delegation of the people in the government. Then, it will be a program for the executive to run it as the interest of the people and state to create prosperity. All of the roles and duties of the executives and legislatives in the way to fulfill the interests will be controlled by the judicative institution. However, if the role of each institution run well as it supposed to be, it will make a proper political system as the vehicle to create prosperity in the ideology of democracy.

In conclusion, the development of democracy in Indonesia has a long evolution until it could be suitable like nowadays. The definition of democracy was blurred by the interests of individuals in the past which made the people should sacrificed. The changes of each political system showed a different way of leading from the leader towards people. However, the definition of democracy was actually based on the people, for the people and from the people, which if it could run properly, it will make a good political system in creating prosperity for the people and also the state.

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No. of Different Words: 230 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 5.194 4.7
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Word Length SD: 2.891 2.4
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Sentence Length SD: 6.815 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.314 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.31 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.544 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.101 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 8 5