The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper.
"Commuters complain that increased rush-hour traffic on Blue Highway between the suburbs and the city center has doubled their commuting time. The favored proposal of the motorists' lobby is to widen the highway, adding an additional lane of traffic. But last year's addition of a lane to the nearby Green Highway was followed by a worsening of traffic jams on it. A better alternative is to add a bicycle lane to Blue Highway. Many area residents are keen bicyclists. A bicycle lane would encourage them to use bicycles to commute, and so would reduce rush-hour traffic rather than fostering an increase."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.
In the editorial from the local newspaper, it is stated that the proponents of the motorists’ lobby idea to add one extra bike lane have advocated an alternative that makes an extra bicycle lane to the Blue Highway. Evidence that has made them propose this solution is the same problem in the Green highway that resulted in worsening of traffic and local residents’ tendency to utilize bicycles to commute to work. However, before one can evaluate the evidence, three questions need to be answered properly.
First of all, are the Blue Highways and the Green Highway roughly the same? In other words, are any differences in these two highways make us propose the same generalizations? For example, it is possible that the size of the highway in green one is smaller than the blue highway. Besides, the green highway is probably adjacent to the urban areas, whereas the blue highway is located in a rural surrounding. If either of these cases is true, that will weaken the proposed solution.
Secondly, are all of the “commute to work” locations within the bicycle distance that motivate the residents to use bicycles instead of cars on the highway? For example, if their commute locations are more than 50 miles from their homes, maybe they would not be persuaded to bicycle to get to their work. Perhaps, if driving their cars on the highway is their only option to get their work every day, especially if they live far away from the places they work. So, considering each case to be valid, the solution to the problem will not hold water.
Third, are adding the bicycle lane to the blue highway does not increase the accident rate in the blue Highway? Certainly, drivers tend to drive at a very high speed, and it is possible to consider that this would jeopardize the safety of people on the bicycle lane. Moreover, maybe it leads to an accident on the highway and generates huge traffic jams on this particular highway. Thus, it is inevitable to consider at least one argument mentioned above, and if we do so, it will cast doubt on the validity of the solution they are going to implement.
In conclusion, all this considered, this proposal, in its current version, possesses some flaws owing to its reliance on several unwarranted pieces of evidence. If the author of this proposal answers these questions and provides more sound conclusions based on the actual condition of the case, it is possible to thoroughly investigate the validity of the solution it this specific problem.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 4 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 2 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 427 350
No. of Characters: 2006 1500
No. of Different Words: 204 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.546 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.698 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.47 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 132 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 119 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 74 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 34 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 23.722 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 7.737 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.833 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.325 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.564 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.095 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 353, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'residents'' or 'resident's'?
Suggestion: residents'; resident's
...ulted in worsening of traffic and local residents tendency to utilize bicycles to commute...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...questions need to be answered properly First of all are the Blue Highways and t...
^^
Line 4, column 14, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...n the proposed solution Secondly are all of the commute to work locations within the bi...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 21, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...roposed solution Secondly are all of the commute to work locations within the bicycle di...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 8, column 384, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...of the solution it this specific problem
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
besides, first, however, if, may, moreover, second, secondly, so, third, thus, whereas, at least, for example, in conclusion, first of all, in other words
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 20.0 19.6327345309 102% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 12.9520958084 54% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 8.0 13.6137724551 59% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 41.0 28.8173652695 142% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 64.0 55.5748502994 115% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 16.3942115768 79% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2022.0 2260.96107784 89% => OK
No of words: 427.0 441.139720559 97% => OK
Chars per words: 4.73536299766 5.12650576532 92% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.54576487731 4.56307096286 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47044739098 2.78398813304 89% => OK
Unique words: 196.0 204.123752495 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.459016393443 0.468620217663 98% => OK
syllable_count: 663.3 705.55239521 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 4.96107784431 0% => OK
Article: 0.0 8.76447105788 0% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 1.0 19.7664670659 5% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 427.0 22.8473053892 1869% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 0.0 57.8364921388 0% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 2022.0 119.503703932 1692% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 427.0 23.324526521 1831% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 154.0 5.70786347227 2698% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 8.20758483034 12% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 6.88822355289 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.67664670659 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.190097028323 0.218282227539 87% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.190097028323 0.0743258471296 256% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0701772020484 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.103888773138 0.128457276422 81% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.045238325239 0.0628817314937 72% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 214.4 14.3799401198 1491% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: -361.93 48.3550499002 -748% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 0.0 7.1628742515 0% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 169.8 12.197005988 1392% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 11.69 12.5979740519 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 28.25 8.32208582834 339% => Dale chall readability score is high.
difficult_words: 93.0 98.500998004 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 54.0 12.3882235529 436% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 172.8 11.1389221557 1551% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 173.0 11.9071856287 1453% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.