The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
manned space flight is certainly costly and dangerous but the opinion has some assumptions that need a closer look. The outcomes of manned and unmanned space missions are different in terms of the analyses that can be done by both of them. The author assumes that a great deal of useful information can be gathered by unmanned space flights. However, with humans on-board the samples can be analysed more critically and minutely.
For example, the human space mission by NASA in 1969 that sent the first humans to the moon, returned with moon rocks that were analysed with more sophisticated equipment which would not have been possible if only unmanned space probes were sent. Talking about equipment, the assumption that the equipment on-board the unmanned space probes are of the same quality as that on earth in the testing labs is also a very lenient assumption. The precision and quality that equipment on earth have is more than any equipment that any unmanned aircraft can carry. So the difference between analyzing samples by the more sophisticated equipment on earth by bringing the samples back to earth and analyzing them with the mobile equipment on the spacecraft is discernible.
humans cannot be supplanted with any machine for works as important as these, for the celerity of decision making of humans is pretty much unmatched. This is also not considered in the letter.
So, assumptions like these can have direct implications on the reports of the analyses of samples which would in turn spread wrong conventions about the space. Therefore, the need for manned space missions is still there as we have not reached that point in technology where machines can make decisions as good and as effectively as humans.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
samples:
https://www.testbig.com/gmatgre-essays/following-opinion-was-provided-l…
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: ??? out of 6
Category: Poor Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 11 15
No. of Words: 288 350
No. of Characters: 1420 1500
No. of Different Words: 140 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.12 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.931 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.58 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 98 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 76 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 57 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 34 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 26.182 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 13.299 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.727 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.384 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.384 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.17 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 1 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Manned
manned space flight is certainly costly and da...
^^^^^^
Line 2, column 93, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... that sent the first humans to the moon, returned with moon rocks that were analy...
^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Humans
...ent on the spacecraft is discernible. humans cannot be supplanted with any machine f...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, look, so, still, therefore, for example, talking about
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 19.6327345309 81% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 12.9520958084 85% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 13.6137724551 95% => OK
Pronoun: 16.0 28.8173652695 56% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 55.5748502994 72% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 16.3942115768 67% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1445.0 2260.96107784 64% => OK
No of words: 288.0 441.139720559 65% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.01736111111 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11953428781 4.56307096286 90% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62929313469 2.78398813304 94% => OK
Unique words: 147.0 204.123752495 72% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.510416666667 0.468620217663 109% => OK
syllable_count: 454.5 705.55239521 64% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 4.96107784431 20% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 19.7664670659 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 54.2355971664 57.8364921388 94% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.416666667 119.503703932 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.0 23.324526521 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.08333333333 5.70786347227 124% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 3.0 5.25449101796 57% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 8.20758483034 73% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 6.88822355289 29% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.158501562078 0.218282227539 73% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0704742387831 0.0743258471296 95% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0602580800363 0.0701772020484 86% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0947857861427 0.128457276422 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0622826994664 0.0628817314937 99% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 14.3799401198 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 48.3550499002 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.197005988 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.13 12.5979740519 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.01 8.32208582834 96% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 98.500998004 59% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 12.3882235529 93% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.