INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN HAROLD PINTER'S DRAMA
Interpersonal communication is critical in our daily lives and plays a vital role in establishing social interactions among people. Whenever we engage in communication with others, we seek to gain some information about them, exchange ideas or engage in a friendly conversation. Thus, the primary role of communication is to accurately convey an idea or emotion that reflects our inner thoughts. Each communication primarily involves a code or tool through which communication is materialized. The most conventional one being language which contributes to the facilitation of social interaction.
According to linguists, communication remains a complex phenomenon: it requires an aptitude for symbolism and abstraction that only Man is capable of producing and absorbing. Yet, regardless of the quantity and quality of research that has been made in the field of communication, one issue remains far from being finalized: the definition of communication. Specialized scholars seem to agree on the mechanisms that govern communication, but they are unable to adhere to a specific definition of communication.
“Communication is one of those human activities that everyone recognizes but few can define satisfactorily. Communication is talking to another, it is television, it is spreading information…It is literary criticism…The list is endless.” 1
In his book Introduction to Communication Studies, John Fiske distinguishes between the two prominent schools in the field of communication studies: the process school and the semiotic school. The first school is interested in the study of the transmission of messages whereas the second school is immersed in researching the generation of meaning. It is noteworthy that both schools share the same founding principle that communication is a social behavior.
According to John Fiske, the process school “sees communication as the transmission of messages…It sees communication as a process by which one person affects the behavior or the state of mind of another…This school tends to talk in terms of communication failure.” Then the author talks about the semiotic school: “The second school sees communication as the production and exchange of meanings…It uses terms like signification, and does not consider misunderstanding to be necessarily an evidence of communication failure.” 2
Basically, linguists recognize that communication involves three major components: an addresser (speaker or person who attempts to convey a message), an addressee (interlocutor or audience: the person to whom the message is conveyed) and a message (the spoken or written speech that is being conveyed). To initiate a conversation (contact), the addresser uses a code, most commonly language, to produce his message. This implies a correlation between language (speech) and communication. In fact, communication is in itself but one of the major functions of language as Marina Yaguello points out:
The goal of language is to communicate. But for humans communicating is not only a mere transmission of messages. We often speak to say nothing meaningful or we say the opposite of what we really had in mind. 3
Accordingly, language is considered as the conventional medium of communication not only in ordinary human intercourse but also in conventional drama. In the latter, the function of language is to link the dramatis personae as well as the audience in a logical and intelligible communicative experience. 4
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 4, column 197, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: It
...television, it is spreading information…It is literary criticism…The list is endle...
^^
Line 4, column 222, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...ng information…It is literary criticism…The list is endless.' 1 In his book...
^^^
Line 6, column 149, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...s in the field of communication studies: the process school and the semiotic scho...
^^
Line 7, column 102, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: It
...ication as the transmission of messages…It sees communication as a process by whic...
^^
Line 7, column 210, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: This
...ehavior or the state of mind of another…This school tends to talk in terms of commun...
^^^^
Line 7, column 412, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: It
...the production and exchange of meanings…It uses terms like signification, and does...
^^
Line 9, column 588, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... language as Marina Yaguello points out: The goal of language is to communicate. ...
^^^
Line 10, column 211, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...pposite of what we really had in mind. 3 Accordingly, language is considered as t...
^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 306, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...intelligible communicative experience. 4
^^^
Discourse Markers used:
['accordingly', 'also', 'but', 'first', 'if', 'really', 'second', 'so', 'then', 'thus', 'well', 'whereas', 'in fact', 'as well as']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.283050847458 0.240241500013 118% => OK
Verbs: 0.149152542373 0.157235817809 95% => OK
Adjectives: 0.071186440678 0.0880659088768 81% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0372881355932 0.0497285424764 75% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0271186440678 0.0444667217837 61% => OK
Prepositions: 0.115254237288 0.12292977631 94% => OK
Participles: 0.0372881355932 0.0406280797675 92% => OK
Conjunctions: 3.6978311962 2.79330140395 132% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0322033898305 0.030933414821 104% => OK
Particles: 0.00169491525424 0.0016655270985 102% => OK
Determiners: 0.105084745763 0.0997080785238 105% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.00169491525424 0.0249443105267 7% => Some modal verbs wanted.
WH_determiners: 0.0169491525424 0.0148568991511 114% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 3505.0 2732.02544248 128% => OK
No of words: 525.0 452.878318584 116% => OK
Chars per words: 6.67619047619 6.0361032391 111% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.78673985869 4.58838876751 104% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.420952380952 0.366273622748 115% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.35619047619 0.280924506359 127% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.297142857143 0.200843997647 148% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.205714285714 0.132149295362 156% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.6978311962 2.79330140395 132% => OK
Unique words: 272.0 219.290929204 124% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.518095238095 0.48968727796 106% => OK
Word variations: 62.7365091595 55.4138127331 113% => OK
How many sentences: 21.0 20.6194690265 102% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 23.380412469 107% => OK
Sentence length SD: 165.360391137 59.4972553346 278% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 166.904761905 141.124799967 118% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.0 23.380412469 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.666666666667 0.674092028746 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 8.0 4.94800884956 162% => OK
Language errors: 9.0 5.21349557522 173% => OK
Readability: 60.619047619 51.4728631049 118% => OK
Elegance: 2.03968253968 1.64882698954 124% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.176077743664 0.391690518653 45% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.108330967657 0.123202303941 88% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0773227374504 0.077325440228 100% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.550176754525 0.547984918172 100% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.235309395699 0.149214159877 158% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0767673803752 0.161403998019 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0568307468318 0.0892212321368 64% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.331015618664 0.385218514788 86% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0887661278591 0.0692045440612 128% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.109646947464 0.275328986314 40% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0451160345056 0.0653680567796 69% => The ideas may be duplicated in paragraphs.
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 10.4325221239 96% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 5.30420353982 19% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.88274336283 205% => Less neutral sentences wanted.
Positive topic words: 6.0 7.22455752212 83% => OK
Negative topic words: 0.0 3.66592920354 0% => More negative topic words wanted.
Neutral topic words: 6.0 2.70907079646 221% => OK
Total topic words: 12.0 13.5995575221 88% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader.
Rates: 16.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 6
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.