Summarise the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they case doubt on specific points made in the reading passage. what caused Little Ice Age.
The reading and Listening passages have a conflict of opinions about what caused Little Ice Age. In the reading passage, the writer explains three possible which have a role in this event. On the other hand, the lecturer points out that these opinions are not convincing and scholars find new information about it.
First of all, the author believes that before the Little Ice Age, the weather changed and became warmer so that glaciers melted and sent cold freshwater into Gulf Stream. Therefore, this disruption caused this event. In contrast, the professor casts doubt on this view by saying that the Gulf Stream could change the condition of Europe and North America but, the condition of other places like Nyasaland and Africa changed too. Thus, this opinion is wrong.
Second, the reading passage refers to other reason for this event. The writer indicates that the volcanic eruption played an important role because the dark dust and sulfur gas entered the atmosphere and they did not allow to the sunlight to reach Earth's surface and the weather became cold. By contrast, the speaker makes it clear that in that time the snow happened so that this opinion is not strong.
As a final point, in the reading, the author refers to the third opinion that forest trees grew in a lot of areas and they could absorb carbon dioxide. Therefore, they decreased a greenhouse gas and made the condition for cold weather. While, the speaker explains that the human population increased and the cut down these trees for fuel and food so this reason is not acceptable.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, second, so, therefore, third, thus, while, in contrast, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 7.30242825607 192% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1306.0 1373.03311258 95% => OK
No of words: 266.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 4.90977443609 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03850299372 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.26328278825 2.5805825403 88% => OK
Unique words: 148.0 145.348785872 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.556390977444 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 387.9 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.5216964469 49.2860985944 117% => OK
Chars per sentence: 100.461538462 110.228320801 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.4615384615 21.698381199 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.61538461538 7.06452816374 108% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.170421555849 0.272083759551 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0591759105731 0.0996497079465 59% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.056323864267 0.0662205650399 85% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.102839118116 0.162205337803 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0659416847425 0.0443174109184 149% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 13.3589403974 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.2 12.2367328918 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.95 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.