TOEFL Integrated: Altruism:
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, being sure to specifically explain how they cast doubt on points made in the reading
The main theme of the reading article revolves around altruism, which is the opposite of selfishness; that is individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves. The professor, however, asserts that new findings in the field help us re-examine the old notion or our earlier beliefs. Based on this, she refutes each of the author's reasons and provides her opinion on why the examples given by the author are not "selfless acts".
First, the reading states that unselfish acts among humans that range from sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers are altruistic acts and provide very little to the one performing the act. However, the professor refutes this point by saying that the one who performs this act receives plaudits and non materialistic rewards which may increase the person's self worth. The person donating a body organ may have his own motives gor gaining appreciation from the society , though it may not necessarily be materialistic.
Second, the reading provides an example of sentinel meerkat, the guard who looks out for predators while others hunt for food. It helps in protecting other meerkats by giving them an alarm if a predator approaches. However, the professor states that this sentinel is the one who is in least danger of getting attacked by the predator because it is the one closes to the burrows and can easily hide away, however, hearing the alarm other meerkats may gather or scuttle around quickly if they panic increasing their chances if being hunt down by the predator.
Third, the article claims that these sentinel meerkats are the one's who gain nothing in doing so, besides, it goes without food while the others eat. However, the professor opposes this point by claiming that these sentinal meerkats are the ones who eat before they act as standing guards and thus it does not remain hungry, while other meerkats are still foraging out there.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 64, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...es that unselfish acts among humans that range from sharing of food with stranger...
^^
Line 3, column 532, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...or gaining appreciation from the society , though it may not necessarily be materi...
^^
Line 5, column 284, Rule ID: THE_SUPERLATIVE[3]
Message: A determiner is probably missing here: 'in the least'.
Suggestion: in the least
...es that this sentinel is the one who is in least danger of getting attacked by the preda...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 484, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ats may gather or scuttle around quickly if they panic increasing their chances i...
^^
Discourse Markers used:
['besides', 'first', 'however', 'if', 'look', 'may', 'second', 'so', 'still', 'third', 'thus', 'while']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.242424242424 0.261695866417 93% => OK
Verbs: 0.181818181818 0.158904122519 114% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0523415977961 0.0723426182421 72% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0523415977961 0.0435111971325 120% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0413223140496 0.0277247811725 149% => OK
Prepositions: 0.126721763085 0.128828473217 98% => OK
Participles: 0.0495867768595 0.0370669169778 134% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.5524957605 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0137741046832 0.0208969081088 66% => OK
Particles: 0.00826446280992 0.00154638098197 534% => OK
Determiners: 0.121212121212 0.128158765124 95% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0137741046832 0.0158828679856 87% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.0275482093664 0.0114777025283 240% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1985.0 1645.83664459 121% => OK
No of words: 328.0 271.125827815 121% => OK
Chars per words: 6.05182926829 6.08160592843 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.25567506705 4.04852973271 105% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.378048780488 0.374372842146 101% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.292682926829 0.287516216867 102% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.192073170732 0.187439937562 102% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.0823170731707 0.113142543107 73% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5524957605 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 188.0 145.348785872 129% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.573170731707 0.539623497131 106% => OK
Word variations: 63.148159974 53.8517498576 117% => OK
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0529801325 84% => OK
Sentence length: 29.8181818182 21.7502111507 137% => OK
Sentence length SD: 68.7926576901 49.3711431718 139% => OK
Chars per sentence: 180.454545455 132.220823453 136% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.8181818182 21.7502111507 137% => OK
Discourse Markers: 1.09090909091 0.878197800319 124% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 3.39072847682 118% => OK
Readability: 59.0864745011 50.5018328374 117% => OK
Elegance: 1.52 1.90840788429 80% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.302129325588 0.549887131256 55% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.139176277768 0.142949733639 97% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0809642629569 0.0787303798458 103% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.64569728266 0.631733273073 102% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.145044085279 0.139662658121 104% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.15088451135 0.266732575781 57% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0542339012728 0.103435571967 52% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.400761870182 0.414875509568 97% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0279370771731 0.0530846634433 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.221121261739 0.40443939384 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0398359945351 0.0528353158467 75% => The ideas may be duplicated in paragraphs.
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.26048565121 70% => OK
Positive topic words: 6.0 3.49668874172 172% => OK
Negative topic words: 1.0 3.62251655629 28% => More negative topic words wanted.
Neutral topic words: 3.0 3.1766004415 94% => OK
Total topic words: 10.0 10.2958057395 97% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.