"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The arguer recommends that we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight rather then investing in manned space flight. According to the arguer doing so will reduce the cost and risk which is considered more in manned space flight and can also be usefult to gather the useful information. The arguer supports his recommendation by stating the recent success of series of unmanned space probes and satellies. The argument seems convincing when it is given cursory reading, but an in depth analysis reveals several logical fallacies that have rendered the argument indefensible.
The arguer states that the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites is best way to gather the information without least cost and risk, but here the arguer fails to take into consideration the cost required for manufacturing of such probes which need to sustain the outer space atmosphere. There are chances that the designing and the material cost of such special probes can be a lot more than that of total cost invested for the manned space flights. Therefore, the arguer needs to present the valid data and the comparison of total cost required for launcing the manned space flight and the total cost for manufacturing the special probes.
Furthermore, beside probes, the arguer also states that the satellites are the best way to gather the useful information rather then sending the men or women into space, here the arguer seems, didnt notice that the satellites can only gather the images of specific targets and that too for small period, and not the physical information of the, lets say a neighbouring planet. Whereas, despite of having a risk for sending man or women into space it is possible that we can get the physical information of the other planets or their satellities which can be useful in the long run technology and can be proven for the evaluation in uncompleted theories. For example, the satellite revovling around the moon can also give the detailed pictures of the moon and its land but it cannot be define the actual state of land and its nature, whereas if the man is sent on the moon with proper planning and lots of rehearse then it is possible that we can get the physical samples of the land on the moon and that too with least risk involved. Therefore, the arguer needs to take into account the both advantages and disadvantages of both manned and unmanned vehicle and their performances in gathering the useful data as they differs with each other and have their own specific qualities, and need to present them in right manner in order to be convincing for the argument.
Additionally, investing in unmanned space flights can be a temporary solution as the unmanned vehicles can never return to the earth once they are launched and some day they would be the part of space debris, so their is no guarrente for how many days the probes or satellities can survive in space it is possbilet that they might survive for a year or months or may be for only couple of days. This can be more risky in investing on unmanned vehicles rather than on manned vehicles as the information gathered by man can be more lasting then that of satellites or probes.
Therefore, the arguer need to present the suitable numerical and graphical data of cost comparison and the applications and the advantages and disadvantages of both manned and unmanned vehicles, in order to convince the argument of investing only on unmanned space flights rather than manned space flights.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 14 15
No. of Words: 598 350
No. of Characters: 2869 1500
No. of Different Words: 223 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.945 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.798 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.562 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 205 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 136 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 100 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 57 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 42.714 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 18.124 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.857 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.418 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.653 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.179 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 91, Rule ID: RATHER_THEN[1]
Message: Did you mean 'than'? 'than' is used for comparisons, 'then' is an expression of time.
Suggestion: than
...sources in unmanned space flight rather then investing in manned space flight. Accor...
^^^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ve rendered the argument indefensible. The arguer states that the recent success o...
^^^
Line 2, column 95, Rule ID: THE_SUPERLATIVE[4]
Message: A determiner is probably missing here: 'is the best'.
Suggestion: is the best
...of unmanned space probes and satellites is best way to gather the information without l...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 133, Rule ID: THE_SUPERLATIVE[3]
Message: A determiner is probably missing here: 'without the least'.
Suggestion: without the least
...s is best way to gather the information without least cost and risk, but here the arguer fail...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 129, Rule ID: RATHER_THEN[1]
Message: Did you mean 'than'? 'than' is used for comparisons, 'then' is an expression of time.
Suggestion: than
...to gather the useful information rather then sending the men or women into space, he...
^^^^
Line 3, column 194, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...omen into space, here the arguer seems, didnt notice that the satellites can only gat...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 341, Rule ID: THE_PUNCT[1]
Message: Did you forget something after 'the'?
...od, and not the physical information of the, lets say a neighbouring planet. Whereas...
^^^^
Line 3, column 1008, Rule ID: THE_SUPERLATIVE[3]
Message: A determiner is probably missing here: 'with the least'.
Suggestion: with the least
...es of the land on the moon and that too with least risk involved. Therefore, the arguer ne...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 1217, Rule ID: NON3PRS_VERB[2]
Message: The pronoun 'they' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: 'differ'
Suggestion: differ
...es in gathering the useful data as they differs with each other and have their own spec...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 213, Rule ID: THEIR_IS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'there'?
Suggestion: there
...y would be the part of space debris, so their is no guarrente for how many days the p...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 538, Rule ID: LESS_MORE_THEN[1]
Message: Did you mean 'than'?
Suggestion: than
...ion gathered by man can be more lasting then that of satellites or probes. Therefor...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, furthermore, if, may, so, then, therefore, whereas, for example
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 19.6327345309 112% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 22.0 12.9520958084 170% => OK
Conjunction : 36.0 11.1786427146 322% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 28.8173652695 121% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 67.0 55.5748502994 121% => OK
Nominalization: 14.0 16.3942115768 85% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2911.0 2260.96107784 129% => OK
No of words: 598.0 441.139720559 136% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86789297659 5.12650576532 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.94510247834 4.56307096286 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62600647391 2.78398813304 94% => OK
Unique words: 233.0 204.123752495 114% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.389632107023 0.468620217663 83% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 913.5 705.55239521 129% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 4.96107784431 20% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.76447105788 103% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 4.0 1.67365269461 239% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 19.7664670659 71% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 42.0 22.8473053892 184% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 96.3975876148 57.8364921388 167% => OK
Chars per sentence: 207.928571429 119.503703932 174% => OK
Words per sentence: 42.7142857143 23.324526521 183% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.28571428571 5.70786347227 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 11.0 5.25449101796 209% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.67664670659 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.417455669933 0.218282227539 191% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.180355691933 0.0743258471296 243% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0821164268047 0.0701772020484 117% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.267552710614 0.128457276422 208% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0647170413028 0.0628817314937 103% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 22.9 14.3799401198 159% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 37.31 48.3550499002 77% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 7.1628742515 156% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 18.5 12.197005988 152% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.85 12.5979740519 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.65 8.32208582834 104% => OK
difficult_words: 111.0 98.500998004 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 18.8 11.1389221557 169% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.