Although dinosaurs are considered to be among the strongest creatures that have ever lived on Earth they were not strong enough to defy extinction Since there is no definite data that could identify the cause of extinction many theories have been suggeste | TOEFL IELTS GMAT GRE SAT ACT PTE ESL

Essay topics:

Although dinosaurs are considered to be among the strongest creatures that have ever lived on Earth, they were not strong enough to defy extinction. Since there is no definite data that could identify the cause of extinction, many theories have been suggested. These three theories are the most convincing ones.

The first hypothesis is the asteroid theory. This theory gained support after the discovery of an element called "iridium," which was extracted from a layer of rock. Iridium is a rare element on Earth. However, it is commonly found in meteorites. This led scientists to claim that iridium was scattered widely when a giant asteroid hit the Earth during the time when dinosaurs were alive.

The second hypothesis is the ice age theory. It is widely believed that a glacial period comes every 20,000 to 40,000 years on Earth. Supporters of this theory say that a glacial period adversely affected nature and influenced the lives of dinosaurs. As many dinosaurs were not equipped with strong thermoregulatory systems, they were vulnerable to extreme weather conditions.

The third hypothesis is the bird evolution theory. Some people argue that dinosaurs evolved into modern birds that we are now familiar with. When researchers compared the body structures of contemporary birds to those of dinosaurs, their characteristics showed striking similarities. Many anatomical features of modern birds, including their skeletons, hearts, and lungs, show high complexity similar to those of dinosaurs.

Both the reading passage and the lecture talks about the authenticity of various theories that led to the extinction of dinosaurs, one of the strongest creatures. The reading passage provides three possible theory that have been suggested to hold water. However, the professor disagree with all three theories.

First of all, the passage mentions the asteroid theory, which was bolstered because iridium was found in layer of rock. Iridium is a rare element on earth and mostly found in meteorites, which led scientist to the conclusion that earth was hit by a giant asteroid when dinosaurs roamed freely. However, the professor in the lecture disagrees and mentions that Iridium is rich in earth's core and could be the result of an volcanic eruption. According to the professor the asteroid theory is not reliable because it ignores that the earth crust has Iridium and it was found with magma.

Secondly, the passage talks about the ice age theory, which has supporters that say that nature was adversely affected by glacial period and many dinosaurs didn't consist of strong thermoregulatory system, which made them susceptible to the weather conditions. On the other hand, the lecturer doesn't find this theory convincing because, the climate during the time of dinosaurs existence was hot and humid and moreover, tropical animals lived in abundance during that period. Further, there are no traces of glaciation or ice age in the fossils of dinosaurs and the carbon-dioxide levels were somewhat similar to the current levels. There was also an increase in the sea level which further suggests that the ice caps were melting.

Finally, the passage provides the bird evolution theory, researchers found striking similarity between body structure of contemporary birds and dinosaurs. Nevertheless, like the two suggestions before, the professor in the lecture proclaims that this theory is not valid because, the birds from the time when dinosaurs existed might have descended to become the current contemporary birds. Moreover, the birds can move, fly with speed and dodge obstacles, which dinosaurs couldn't do.

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Essay Categories

Integrated TOEFL Writing

Comments

Essay evaluations by e-grader

Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 419, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'a' instead of 'an' if the following word doesn't start with a vowel sound, e.g. 'a sentence', 'a university'
Suggestion: a
... earths core and could be the result of an volcanic eruption. According to the pro...
^^
Line 5, column 157, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...ed by glacial period and many dinosaurs didnt consist of strong thermoregulatory syst...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 293, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...itions. On the other hand, the lecturer doesnt find this theory convincing because, th...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 473, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: couldn't
...ed and dodge obstacles, which dinosaurs couldnt do.
^^^^^^^

Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, however, moreover, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, then, first of all, on the other hand

Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments

Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 15.0 22.412803532 67% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK

Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1786.0 1373.03311258 130% => OK
No of words: 336.0 270.72406181 124% => OK
Chars per words: 5.31547619048 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.28139028586 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.68799269069 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 181.0 145.348785872 125% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.53869047619 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 544.5 419.366225166 130% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK

A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK

Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 55.5368970935 49.2860985944 113% => OK
Chars per sentence: 127.571428571 110.228320801 116% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.0 21.698381199 111% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.14285714286 7.06452816374 115% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?

Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.160919883799 0.272083759551 59% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.055438023186 0.0996497079465 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0411332325241 0.0662205650399 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0939488667657 0.162205337803 58% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0303513882776 0.0443174109184 68% => OK

Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.6 13.3589403974 117% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.87 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.15 8.42419426049 109% => OK
difficult_words: 92.0 63.6247240618 145% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?

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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.

Essay evaluations by e-grader

Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, however, moreover, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, then, first of all, on the other hand

Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments