Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds "quackers" (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines' sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.
The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female orca whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a mate are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.
A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squid are giant marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.
A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country's submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on the sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
The article states three possible theories that actually proposed possible reasons of strong sounds.
However, the lecturer contrasts the author's claims and refutes each of the author's claims.
First of all, the article argues that these strange sounds are actually male and female Orcas calling during a courtship ritual since orca like to living in the same places where submarines picking up the bizaree noises. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He says that although this argument seems like plausible at first a glance but it is not convincing becasue orca whales are like live in the surface of the water but submarine stay benath the shallow water.so, could not have possible te detected sounds.
Secondly, the article states that sounds would have caused by giant squid. Furthermore, author says that squid brain suggest they are intelligent animals and for their soft bodies it does not possible to dected their by sonar. the lecturer, however, rebuts this claim that squid sounds had reported in 20 years continuously but after that it was disappread but on the other hand squid also living in this time but does not report any sound.
finally, the article states that sounds would have produced by the advance foreign submarine.
for this reasons sonar can not be detected sounds. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that
no other sumbrine are present they have advance technology like moving fast and does not produce any sound. also the lecturer states that this strange sound are moving continuously but it is not possible fora submarine to moving continuouslyso, those sound are not by produce any other county's submarine.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 13, column 228, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
... not possible to dected their by sonar. the lecturer, however, rebuts this claim th...
^^^
Line 19, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Finally
... but does not report any sound. finally, the article states that sounds would h...
^^^^^^^
Line 21, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: For
...ced by the advance foreign submarine. for this reasons sonar can not be detected ...
^^^
Line 21, column 10, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'reasons'' or 'reason's'?
Suggestion: reasons'; reason's
...e advance foreign submarine. for this reasons sonar can not be detected sounds. In co...
^^^^^^^
Line 21, column 95, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...contrast, the lecturers position is that no other sumbrine are present they have ...
^^^^
Line 23, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: No
...rast, the lecturers position is that no other sumbrine are present they have ad...
^^
Line 23, column 109, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Also
...ng fast and does not produce any sound. also the lecturer states that this strange s...
^^^^
Line 23, column 109, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: also,
...ng fast and does not produce any sound. also the lecturer states that this strange s...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, second, secondly, so, in contrast, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1421.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 271.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.24354243542 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.05734859645 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.413583154 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.535055350554 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 425.7 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 67.2025855157 49.2860985944 136% => OK
Chars per sentence: 118.416666667 110.228320801 107% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.5833333333 21.698381199 104% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.75 7.06452816374 152% => OK
Paragraphs: 7.0 4.09492273731 171% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0953440486097 0.272083759551 35% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0348700913591 0.0996497079465 35% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0284280970167 0.0662205650399 43% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0400712133707 0.162205337803 25% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0296423801041 0.0443174109184 67% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.5 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.41 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.51 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.