TPO-04 - Integrated Writing Task
Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
In the reading, the author claims that dinosaurs which are reptile are Endotherms, animals such as birds and mammals which can preserve their body temperature constant no matter whether the environment temperature is warm or cold, but modern reptiles are not Endotherm by pointing out three reasons of support. However, finding all the ideas questionable and implausible, the lecturer presents some evidence to the contrary.
At first, the author argues that the remnant fossils of dinosaurs in Polar Regions indicates that they are Endotherm since just animals can maintain survive in such cold environments which are Endotherm. Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that first many modern animals live in the Polar Regions nowadays but in the cold condition they hibernate or migrate in somewhere else. According to her discovering dinosaurs fossils in Polar Regions cannot prove that they are Endothermal.
In addition, the reading passage holds the view that position of leg in dinosaurs is underneath their body not in the side as for crocodiles and many lizards, the way that Endothermic animal is. On the other hand, the lecturer disputes this point by clarifying the fact that position of leg in dinosaurs is under their body for supporting their weight and having large sizes.
Finally, the author asserts that dinosaurs have bone structure including Haversian canals which is unique at Endotherm animals as the last point for supporting the fact that dinosaurs are Endotherm. The lecturer, though, dismisses it by pointing out that dinosaurs do have Haversian canals but it does not prove the fact that they are Endotherm. As she states dinosaurs have a structure in their body which does not exist in Endotherm animals. This character is that they have growth ring, in a specific period they grow, after that they stop growing and after that they grow and this cycle is repeated.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 347, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “As” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...prove the fact that they are Endotherm. As she states dinosaurs have a structure i...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, however, if, so, as for, in addition, such as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 20.0 12.0772626932 166% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 22.412803532 156% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1600.0 1373.03311258 117% => OK
No of words: 308.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 5.19480519481 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18926351222 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62550543689 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.496753246753 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 487.8 419.366225166 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 28.0 21.2450331126 132% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 57.2058772915 49.2860985944 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 145.454545455 110.228320801 132% => OK
Words per sentence: 28.0 21.698381199 129% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.81818181818 7.06452816374 125% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.461306496265 0.272083759551 170% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.184374139852 0.0996497079465 185% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101650279975 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.277386099693 0.162205337803 171% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0255885259622 0.0443174109184 58% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.0 13.3589403974 127% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.06 53.8541721854 80% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.2 11.0289183223 129% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.12 12.2367328918 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.77 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.5 10.7273730684 135% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.2 10.498013245 126% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.