The city council of Town X has proposed reducing the city’s electric expenses by switching all the lights in public buildings from incandescent bulbs to light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The switch would be made gradually as the old incandescent bulbs burn out, and the city council reasons that since LED lights burn brighter and cost no more to purchase, the switch would help Town X save money on electrical costs in the future.Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered to help evaluate the efficacy of the city council’s proposal to save money on electrical costs. Be sure to explain how theanswers to these questions would help to evaluate the council’s prediction.
The argument by the city council here is that the switch from incandescent lights to light-emitting diodes will lead to cost savings to the city is although appreciable, it is not backed up by any evidence as to how this might happen.
There may be other factors that might affect the cost to the city rather than just the incandescent bulbs. Firstly, there will be a significant cost incurred to gradually change the incandescent bulbs with the light-emitting diodes. The argument also does not specifies the lifetime of an LED or the incandescent bulbs. The incandescent bulbs could have a longer lifetime and therefore might not need to be changed regularly. Similarly, if the LED's have a shorter lifetime, then they will have to be replaced frequently, which will again increase the cost that will be incurred by the city.
The argument also neglects the possibility of different types of bulbs having different rates of electrical consumption. The LED's although burning brighter may consume a higher voltage or a higher rate of electricity. This increased rate of consumption may again lead to a higher electric bill to the city and hence end up costing the city more than the incandescent bulbs.
There also comes a factor of maintenance cost once the bulbs are installed. If the LED's have to undergo maintenance at a frequent rate than incandescent bulbs, then the cost of maintenance will pile up over a period of time. There might also be a lot of other indirect costs incurred by using LED.
Although there is a possibility the cost incurred may be decreased by the use of LED's, there is no evidence given on to how this conclusion was reached. The LED's although burn brighter and cost just as much as the incandescent bulbs, there may be other factors such as maintenance cost, the consumption rate of electricity of the LED's, the lifetime of a bulb to name a few. Therefore much more evidence is needed to support the argument that switching from incandescent bulbs to light-emitting diodes might save electrical costs in the future.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.5 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 15 15
No. of Words: 348 350
No. of Characters: 1675 1500
No. of Different Words: 141 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.319 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.813 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.855 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 101 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 82 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 68 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 41 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 23.2 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.803 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 1 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.4 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.624 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.122 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... evidence as to how this might happen. There may be other factors that might af...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 265, Rule ID: DOES_X_HAS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'specify'? As 'do' is already inflected, the verb cannot also be inflected.
Suggestion: specify
...ting diodes. The argument also does not specifies the lifetime of an LED or the incandesc...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 265, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[3]
Message: The verb 'does' requires base form of the verb: 'specify'
Suggestion: specify
...ting diodes. The argument also does not specifies the lifetime of an LED or the incandesc...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ost that will be incurred by the city. The argument also neglects the possibili...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ity more than the incandescent bulbs. There also comes a factor of maintenance...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 215, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...cost of maintenance will pile up over a period of time. There might also be a lot of other ind...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... indirect costs incurred by using LED. Although there is a possibility the cost...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 379, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
..., the lifetime of a bulb to name a few. Therefore much more evidence is needed to support...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, firstly, hence, if, may, similarly, so, then, therefore, as to, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 19.6327345309 81% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 18.0 12.9520958084 139% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 11.1786427146 45% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 5.0 13.6137724551 37% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 28.8173652695 31% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 55.5748502994 79% => OK
Nominalization: 14.0 16.3942115768 85% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1702.0 2260.96107784 75% => OK
No of words: 348.0 441.139720559 79% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.8908045977 5.12650576532 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.31911543099 4.56307096286 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.90951646071 2.78398813304 105% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 204.123752495 71% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.416666666667 0.468620217663 89% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 536.4 705.55239521 76% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 4.96107784431 40% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 4.22255489022 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 19.7664670659 76% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.2142163148 57.8364921388 82% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.466666667 119.503703932 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.2 23.324526521 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.6 5.70786347227 98% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 5.25449101796 152% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 8.20758483034 73% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 6.88822355289 58% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.297782029371 0.218282227539 136% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.120475552273 0.0743258471296 162% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0873936027993 0.0701772020484 125% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.194816387144 0.128457276422 152% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0760649248045 0.0628817314937 121% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 14.3799401198 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 48.3550499002 117% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.38 12.5979740519 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.64 8.32208582834 92% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 98.500998004 64% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 12.0 12.3882235529 97% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.