Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight.
In the letter to the editor, the author has come to a conclusion that, investment of resources should be increased in unmanned space. The author has come to this conclusion based on the evidence that unmanned space probes and satellites has provided useful information. However, while the conclusion made by the author might hold water, it rests on unfounded assumptions, that if not substantiated, dramatically weaken the persuasiveness of the argument. Thus, several assumptions need to be examined.
Firstly, the success of series of unmanned space probes may not be a great deal if compared with the success we can achieved in a manned space program. Perhaps, the information that a provides can have margin for error, while the same information if extracted by a astronaut may be precise and accurate. It can be possible that the probes are affected by climatic conditions. For instance. certain planets may have very low temperature where the space probe may not be able to carry out the feeded instruction and may freeze whereas, a human can take decision, whether to step out of the space craft in such severe conditons. If any of the above scenarios have merit, then the conclusion to fund unmanned space flight cannot be considered true.
Secondly, the degree to which a manned space program costs is not specified. It is possible that the cost of manned space flight can be reduced to a certain amount by reducing the current number for people involved in the mission. Perhaps, the information that can be gathered by numerous space probes can be gained in just one manned space flight. Thus, the cost for the certain space exploration can be reduced by a significant amount. If above case is true then the conclusion cannot be entirely persuasive.
Lastly, the level of threat faced in a manned flight is not mentioned. It is possible that with advancement in technology the threat and danger involved in manned space flight is significantly reduce. And sending humans in space will seem more feasible than sending probes. If the above case holds water the decision to invest in unmanned space flight is significantly weakened.
Although the author may not be evaluating the given situation in its entirety, the conclusion and information associated with it cannot be written off either. There is no smoke without fire and the author must have had compelling reasons to make such a strong conclusion, however, since the reasons for the above mentioned assumptions have not been listed here, hence the argument cannot be said holistically. More evidence is needed to make the given argument stronger.
Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 21 15
No. of Words: 433 350
No. of Characters: 2132 1500
No. of Different Words: 197 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.562 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.924 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.7 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 162 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 109 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 82 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 46 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 20.619 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.358 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.619 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.32 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.544 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.102 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
In the letter to the editor, the author ...
^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...veral assumptions need to be examined. Firstly, the success of series of unmann...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 131, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'can' requires the base form of the verb: 'achieve'
Suggestion: achieve
...eal if compared with the success we can achieved in a manned space program. Perhaps, the...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 277, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...le the same information if extracted by a astronaut may be precise and accurate. ...
^
Line 3, column 404, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Certain
...d by climatic conditions. For instance. certain planets may have very low temperature w...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...pace flight cannot be considered true. Secondly, the degree to which a manned s...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 452, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...can be reduced by a significant amount. If above case is true then the conclusion ...
^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...clusion cannot be entirely persuasive. Lastly, the level of threat faced in a m...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 207, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'reduced'.
Suggestion: reduced
...in manned space flight is significantly reduce. And sending humans in space will seem ...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 288, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...seem more feasible than sending probes. If the above case holds water the decision...
^^
Line 6, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...pace flight is significantly weakened. Although the author may not be evaluatin...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, hence, however, if, lastly, may, second, secondly, so, then, thus, whereas, while, for instance
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 19.6327345309 132% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 23.0 12.9520958084 178% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 13.6137724551 73% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 16.0 28.8173652695 56% => OK
Preposition: 51.0 55.5748502994 92% => OK
Nominalization: 16.0 16.3942115768 98% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2187.0 2260.96107784 97% => OK
No of words: 433.0 441.139720559 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.05080831409 5.12650576532 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.56165014514 4.56307096286 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80208148182 2.78398813304 101% => OK
Unique words: 203.0 204.123752495 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.468822170901 0.468620217663 100% => OK
syllable_count: 695.7 705.55239521 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 7.0 2.70958083832 258% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 22.8473053892 88% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.3194614521 57.8364921388 99% => OK
Chars per sentence: 104.142857143 119.503703932 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.619047619 23.324526521 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.28571428571 5.70786347227 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 11.0 5.25449101796 209% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.410240891301 0.218282227539 188% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.123910833933 0.0743258471296 167% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.098063108673 0.0701772020484 140% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.21354783761 0.128457276422 166% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0971432770661 0.0628817314937 154% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.7 14.3799401198 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 48.3550499002 106% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.01 12.5979740519 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.31 8.32208582834 100% => OK
difficult_words: 101.0 98.500998004 103% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 11.1389221557 90% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.