Migration from the countryside to cities is certainly a topical issue, as so many nations are
seeing this pattern today. There are three main causes, and two key impacts, which I will outline now.
The main cause is probably the lack of employment available to rural people. Rural
industries, ranging from agriculture to food production and animal breeding, have all been
rationalized and made far more efficient in recent years, meaning that fewer people are needed to
staff them. Furthermore, the growth of employment opportunities in the cities means that people,
especially youngsters, are tempted to move there by higher wages and the prospect of reliable work.
Finally, many countries still have a weaker infrastructure in rural areas, especially in terms of
transport and economic activity. For example, if a country dweller is unable to find public transport
to get to work locally, that person will inevitably consider moving to a city where the infrastructure is
far better established.
Regarding the effects felt by the urban residents, perhaps the main impact is on
accommodation. An increased urban population drives up the cost of buying or renting a home,
leading to possible hardship for people who had assumed that prices would remain stable. We can
see this clearly in major conurbations such as London, Sao Paolo or Delhi, where property prices are
extremely high and continue to rise. The other main effect on the existing city population is the vastly
increased competition for job opportunities, especially at a less skilled level. For instance, drivers,
shop workers and hospitality staff find themselves competing for work with new arrivals who are
often prepared to work for less. This can lead to a reduction in wages and consequent decline in the standard of living, especially when combined with the increased cost of housing.
To sum up, the causes of this trend are primarily to do with employment, and the effects are
felt in terms of wages and accommodation
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, furthermore, if, regarding, so, still, well, for example, for instance, such as, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 13.1623246493 114% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 7.85571142285 64% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 10.4138276553 115% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 7.30460921844 137% => OK
Pronoun: 12.0 24.0651302605 50% => OK
Preposition: 45.0 41.998997996 107% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 8.3376753507 144% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1704.0 1615.20841683 105% => OK
No of words: 324.0 315.596192385 103% => OK
Chars per words: 5.25925925926 5.12529762239 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24264068712 4.20363070211 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.8899702524 2.80592935109 103% => OK
Unique words: 196.0 176.041082164 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.604938271605 0.561755894193 108% => OK
syllable_count: 522.0 506.74238477 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.60771543086 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 5.43587174349 55% => OK
Article: 5.0 2.52805611222 198% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.10420841683 95% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 0.809619238477 247% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 3.0 4.76152304609 63% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 16.0721442886 87% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 20.2975951904 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.7633304563 49.4020404114 80% => OK
Chars per sentence: 121.714285714 106.682146367 114% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.1428571429 20.7667163134 111% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.07142857143 7.06120827912 100% => OK
Paragraphs: 21.0 4.38176352705 479% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 0.0 5.01903807615 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 8.67935871743 104% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 3.9879759519 50% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 3.4128256513 88% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.156935650438 0.244688304435 64% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.051294417681 0.084324248473 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0360067689664 0.0667982634062 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0397320419841 0.151304729494 26% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0389847157874 0.056905535591 69% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.9 13.0946893788 114% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 50.2224549098 96% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.44779559118 118% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.3001002004 109% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.52 12.4159519038 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.6 8.58950901804 112% => OK
difficult_words: 99.0 78.4519038076 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 9.78957915832 112% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.1190380762 111% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 10.7795591182 102% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum five paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 84.2696629213 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 7.5 Out of 9
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.