In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jay contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The archaeologist proposed that vessel were ancient electric batteries and even demonstrated that they can produce a small electric current when filled with some liquids. However, it is not likely that the vessels were actually used as electric batteries in ancient times. First of all, if the vessels were used as batteries, they would probably have been attached to some electricity conductors such as metal wires. But there is no evidence that any metal wires were located near the vessels. All that has been excavated are the vessels themselves. Second, the copper cylinders inside the jars look exactly like copper cylinders discovered in the ruins of Seleucia, an ancient city located nearby. We know that the copper cylinders from Seleucia were used for holding scrolls of sacred texts, not for generating electricity. Since the cylinders found with the jars have the same shape, it is very likely they were used for holding scrolls as well. That no scrolls were found inside the jars can be explained by the fact that the scrolls simply disintegrated over the centuries. Finally, what could ancient people have done with the electricity that the vessels were supposed to have generated? They had no devices that replied on electricity. As batteries, the vessels would have been completely useless to them
In the reading passage, the author discusses three kinds of the reasons to illustrate that the vessel which was found in the Iraq in 1938 were not used like electric batteries in ancient time, while the lecturer claims that what the reading passage states is not convincing and disputes those reasons presented in the reading passage by several proofs.
First, the writer in the reading passage make points that because metal wire was not found behind the vessel, they couldn't have used as batteries, while the lecturer claims that vessels were found buy the native people not by the archaeologist, whom not familiar with ancient material, so it is possible they actually don't mention to the metal wares and took them behind.
Second, the reading passage states that at the ancient time Seleucia's people were used these vessels for holding purpose and uses it as a reason to assert that it is possible that for the vessels which were found in Iraq. However, the speaker refutes this idea and says that they may design for the holding purpose, but then ancient people changed their uses.
Additionally, the belief in the reading passage is that the ancient people didn't need to the electricity. Therefore, the vessels are fully useless for the ancient people, while the speaker views to this issue from an opposite angle. According to the speaker, in the ancient time doctors used electricity for giving sock as in the current time.
In conclusion, the professor clearly identifies the reasons and demonstrates the weaknesses and other passible part of the reasons which is presented in the reading passage and convincingly shows that those vessels may have been used as electric batteries.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2020-01-26 | supergirl20 | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-01 | zztop | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-27 | joyce05 | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 4, column 116, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: couldn't
...e was not found behind the vessel, they couldnt have used as batteries, while the lectu...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 319, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...terial, so it is possible they actually dont mention to the metal wares and took the...
^^^^
Line 8, column 76, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...ding passage is that the ancient people didnt need to the electricity. Therefore, the...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, however, if, may, second, so, then, therefore, while, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1425.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 281.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 5.07117437722 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09427095027 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.42466565916 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 139.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.494661921708 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 430.2 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 35.0 21.2450331126 165% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 101.076394376 49.2860985944 205% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 178.125 110.228320801 162% => OK
Words per sentence: 35.125 21.698381199 162% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.125 7.06452816374 157% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0616151902179 0.272083759551 23% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0292097028007 0.0996497079465 29% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0240681029029 0.0662205650399 36% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0387369976642 0.162205337803 24% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.00723120187743 0.0443174109184 16% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 20.0 13.3589403974 150% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.41 53.8541721854 82% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.8 11.0289183223 143% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.72 12.2367328918 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.69 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 26.0 10.7273730684 242% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 16.0 10.498013245 152% => OK
text_standard: 16.0 11.2008830022 143% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.