Did bees a type of insect exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200-million-year-old fossilized trees in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. However, many skeptics doubt that the structures were created by bees. The skeptics support their view with several arguments.
No Fossils of Actual Bees
First, no fossil remains of actua
The lecture and the reading are both about the doubts about the 200-million-year-old fossil. While the author of the reading argues that the structures were not created by bees, the lecturer disputes the idea presented in the passage. She asserts that these doubts can be explained.
According to the passage, there are no fossil remains that date to 200 million years ago. The author claims that the earliest fossil is 100 million years old. The lecturer challenges this argument. She contends that maybe the 200-million-year-old fossil can not be preserved until today. Additionally, she points out that the fossil can only be formed in the presence of trees. However, trees are rare 200 million years ago.
Secondly, the author suggests that there were no flowering plants 200 million years ago. The article notes that bees and flowering plants evolved a close biological relationship. The lecturer, however, proposes that bees can have a close relationship with non-flowering plants during that period. She goes on to say that bees may feed on pine trees or something else at that time. The relationship between bees and flowering plants is newly formed.
Finally, the author put forth the point that the fossilized structures found lack some details such as caps. The author mentions that modern bee nests are closed by caps, which the fossil lacks. In contrast, the lecture's stance is that the fossilized structures and modern structures are chemically similar. She says that these two things contain the same kind of waterproof material, which suggests they are similar.
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 40, Rule ID: THERE_RE_MANY[3]
Message: Possible agreement error. Did you mean 'fossils'?
Suggestion: fossils
... According to the passage, there are no fossil remains that date to 200 million years ...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 213, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lectures'' or 'lecture's'?
Suggestion: lectures'; lecture's
...hich the fossil lacks. In contrast, the lectures stance is that the fossilized structure...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, however, may, second, secondly, so, while, in contrast, kind of, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1334.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 255.0 270.72406181 94% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.23137254902 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.99608801488 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.79709851315 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 136.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.533333333333 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 383.4 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 25.6758641529 49.2860985944 52% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 74.1111111111 110.228320801 67% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.1666666667 21.698381199 65% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.5 7.06452816374 64% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.27373068433 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.387876331028 0.272083759551 143% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.127392546967 0.0996497079465 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101687943414 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.217244992442 0.162205337803 134% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0866412027449 0.0443174109184 196% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.3 13.3589403974 77% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.73 53.8541721854 122% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.46 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.8 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 40, Rule ID: THERE_RE_MANY[3]
Message: Possible agreement error. Did you mean 'fossils'?
Suggestion: fossils
... According to the passage, there are no fossil remains that date to 200 million years ...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 213, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lectures'' or 'lecture's'?
Suggestion: lectures'; lecture's
...hich the fossil lacks. In contrast, the lectures stance is that the fossilized structure...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, however, may, second, secondly, so, while, in contrast, kind of, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1334.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 255.0 270.72406181 94% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.23137254902 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.99608801488 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.79709851315 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 136.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.533333333333 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 383.4 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 25.6758641529 49.2860985944 52% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 74.1111111111 110.228320801 67% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.1666666667 21.698381199 65% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.5 7.06452816374 64% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.27373068433 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.387876331028 0.272083759551 143% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.127392546967 0.0996497079465 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101687943414 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.217244992442 0.162205337803 134% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0866412027449 0.0443174109184 196% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.3 13.3589403974 77% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.73 53.8541721854 122% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.46 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.8 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.