Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The reading passage and the professor both discuss about whether dinosaurs should be classified as endotherms. The author says that dinosaurs are endotherms. The professor believes that there is strong evidence that dinosaurs are not endotherms.
The author mentions that certain dinosaurs lived in polar regions, and only endotherms could have adapted to that particular climate. The professor points out that the polar region was much warmer than it is today, and it is warm enough to have been home to dinosaurs. Furthermore, dinosaurs have the option of either migrating to even warmer areas or turning into hybrids such as reptiles.
The author thinks that the leg position of dinosaurs proves dinosaurs are related to endotherms. The professor refutes this idea by arguing that in order to grow to large sizes, dinosaurs would have to adapt to this leg position to support their heavy weight. In fact, dinosaurs didn’t evolve to this leg position to run constantly to maintain their temperature like endotherms.
In addition, the author notes that Haversian canals are abundant in dinosaur bodies, suggesting that this is a feature shared by all endotherms. The professor, on the other hand, believes that there are growth rings in dinosaurs' bodies, indicating that dinosaurs don't grow rapidly in cool environments. In other words, dinosaurs experience periodic growth based on the outside temperature. As a result, it is contradictory to classify dinosaurs as endothermic based on just one feature.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 159, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...hor says that dinosaurs are endotherms. The professor believes that there is strong...
^^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...nce that dinosaurs are not endotherms. The author mentions that certain dinosaurs ...
^^^
Line 2, column 134, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ave adapted to that particular climate. The professor points out that the polar reg...
^^^
Line 3, column 246, Rule ID: HEAVY_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'heavyweight'?
Suggestion: heavyweight
...t to this leg position to support their heavy weight. In fact, dinosaurs didn’t evolve to th...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 263, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...saurs bodies, indicating that dinosaurs dont grow rapidly in cool environments. In o...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
furthermore, if, so, in addition, in fact, such as, as a result, in other words, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1275.0 1373.03311258 93% => OK
No of words: 238.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.35714285714 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.92775363542 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80911499214 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 130.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.546218487395 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 392.4 419.366225166 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.2463015563 49.2860985944 63% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.0769230769 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.3076923077 21.698381199 84% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.53846153846 7.06452816374 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.140417041243 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0567243305033 0.0996497079465 57% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0363607969111 0.0662205650399 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0832708439946 0.162205337803 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0187788730365 0.0443174109184 42% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.81 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.64 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 63.6247240618 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.