Essay topics: TPO-04 - Integrated Writing Task
Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The lecture and reading discuss dinosaurs’ characteristics and weather they were endotherms or not. However the authors theorize that dinosaurs were endotherms and provides three reasons, the lecturer rejects these reason and believes dinosaurs were not endotherm.
First of all, the reading mentions polar dinosaurs by pointing out that dinosaurs’ fossils in polar area shows they were capable of maintaining body temperature to continue living and growing in frigid whether of polar areas, consequently were endotherm. While the lecturer challenges this claim by saying polar areas was warmer when they have lived in that region, enough to enable dinosaurs live there for at least some seasons. In addition they could migrate or hibernate in colder seasons. So this argument does not prove dinosaurs were endotherm.
Secondly, the author points out leg position in dinosaurs which was beneath their body and allows them to run. Running as a constant physical activity is a characteristic of endotherm animal. The professor cast doubt on this argument by providing another explanation for leg position in dinosaurs’ body. She count another advantage of more weight tolerability for the structure with legs below the body.
Finally the author mentions haversian canal in dinosaurs bone structure as an evidence to conclude they were endotherm. She says haversian canal is a place for nerves and blood vessels and having haversian canal dinosaurs allows them rapid growth. Regarding rapid growth capability, it could be conducted they were endotherm. In the contrast the lecturer mentions growth train in dinosaurs, a pattern of repeating rapid growth periods followed by slow growth or cessation of growth periods is indicator of a non-endotherm animal. Hence dinosaurs were not endotherm.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 106, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...nd weather they were endotherms or not. However the authors theorize that dinosaurs wer...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 439, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[2]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: addition,
...ive there for at least some seasons. In addition they could migrate or hibernate in cold...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 313, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'She' must be used with a third-person verb: 'counts'.
Suggestion: counts
...g position in dinosaurs' body. She count another advantage of more weight tolera...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Finally,
...e structure with legs below the body. Finally the author mentions haversian canal in ...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 532, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...is indicator of a non-endotherm animal. Hence dinosaurs were not endotherm.
^^^^^
Discourse Markers used:
['consequently', 'finally', 'first', 'hence', 'however', 'regarding', 'second', 'secondly', 'so', 'while', 'at least', 'in addition', 'first of all']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.28664495114 0.261695866417 110% => OK
Verbs: 0.166123778502 0.158904122519 105% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0912052117264 0.0723426182421 126% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0488599348534 0.0435111971325 112% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0390879478827 0.0277247811725 141% => OK
Prepositions: 0.120521172638 0.128828473217 94% => OK
Participles: 0.042345276873 0.0370669169778 114% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.91222318828 2.5805825403 113% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0130293159609 0.0208969081088 62% => OK
Particles: 0.00651465798046 0.00154638098197 421% => OK
Determiners: 0.0846905537459 0.128158765124 66% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.00651465798046 0.0158828679856 41% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.00651465798046 0.0114777025283 57% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1810.0 1645.83664459 110% => OK
No of words: 276.0 271.125827815 102% => OK
Chars per words: 6.55797101449 6.08160592843 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07593519647 4.04852973271 101% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.438405797101 0.374372842146 117% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.358695652174 0.287516216867 125% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.264492753623 0.187439937562 141% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.170289855072 0.113142543107 151% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.91222318828 2.5805825403 113% => OK
Unique words: 154.0 145.348785872 106% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.557971014493 0.539623497131 103% => OK
Word variations: 56.9056917452 53.8517498576 106% => OK
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0529801325 115% => OK
Sentence length: 18.4 21.7502111507 85% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.3710728503 49.3711431718 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.666666667 132.220823453 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4 21.7502111507 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.866666666667 0.878197800319 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 3.39072847682 147% => OK
Readability: 54.2695652174 50.5018328374 107% => OK
Elegance: 1.76923076923 1.90840788429 93% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.589232810521 0.549887131256 107% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.121237694256 0.142949733639 85% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.097322811339 0.0787303798458 124% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.531125385678 0.631733273073 84% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.172984015446 0.139662658121 124% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.21508341735 0.266732575781 81% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0922306086982 0.103435571967 89% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.262643705212 0.414875509568 63% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0142277507749 0.0530846634433 27% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.39131776814 0.40443939384 97% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0327040510255 0.0528353158467 62% => The ideas may be duplicated in paragraphs.
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.26048565121 141% => OK
Positive topic words: 5.0 3.49668874172 143% => OK
Negative topic words: 3.0 3.62251655629 83% => OK
Neutral topic words: 5.0 3.1766004415 157% => OK
Total topic words: 13.0 10.2958057395 126% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.