Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.
First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.
Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So by removing rotting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.
Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.
The author of the passage advocates the advantages of salvage logging. On the other hand, the speaker states that salvage logging leads to long term enviornmental damage and states three different reasons.
First, from the author's point of view, dead trees are to be removed after a devastating fire sothat new trees can grow properly and help forest areas to recover from the disaster. In contrast, the speaker rebuts the statement stating that cleaning up of dead trees does not neccessarily create good enviornment for tree growth. Because along with the removal of dead trees, soil that contains nutrients is also removed.
Second, the written text claims that insects such as spruce bark beetle, which feed on decaying wood would increase in large number if dead trees are not removed. Furthermore, these insects will damage the live healthy trees. Conversely, the lecturer challanges the statement saying that insect spruce bark beetle has stayed in forests since 100 years without causing any damage. Moreover, decaying wood is also used by other insects and birds. So, removal of such wood causes harm to insects as well as to forest.
Lastly, the author affirms that salvage logging has economic benefits. In the same line, damages trees can be used by industries, as much wood is still avaiable in such dead trees. In addition, salvage logging leads to employment opportunities because more workers are needed for logging damaged trees. On the other hand, the speaker states that vehicles like helicopters and others are needed for logging the trees which are very expensive. Also, salvage logging provides with temporary employment, mostly selcting trained and experts from outside.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, conversely, first, furthermore, if, lastly, moreover, second, so, still, well, as to, in addition, in contrast, such as, as well as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 8.0 22.412803532 36% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1431.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 272.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.26102941176 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06108636974 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.42853911385 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.584558823529 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 420.3 419.366225166 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.1146807528 49.2860985944 77% => OK
Chars per sentence: 95.4 110.228320801 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.1333333333 21.698381199 84% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.7333333333 7.06452816374 152% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.268981409875 0.272083759551 99% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0856842797502 0.0996497079465 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0391382945915 0.0662205650399 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.154772761169 0.162205337803 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.033909256848 0.0443174109184 77% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.93 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.59 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 63.6247240618 110% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.