A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanic ash, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some paleontologists interpret the lines as evidence that Sinosauropteryx had feathers. However, critics have opposed the idea that Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur, citing several reasons.
First, the critics point out that the fine lines may not even represent functional structures of a living dinosaur, but rather structures that were formed after the animal’s death. After the animal died and was buried in volcanic ash, its skin may have decomposed into fibers. The skin fibers then became preserved as lines in the fossil; the lines were misinterpreted as evidence of feathers.
Second, even if the fine lines are remains of real structures of a Sinosauropteryx, scientists cannot tell with certainty what part of the dinosaur’s anatomy the structures were. Many dinosaurs had frills, ornamental fan-shaped structures growing out of some parts of their bodies. Some of the critics argue that the lines surrounding the skeleton are much more likely to be fossilized remains of frills than remains of feathers.
A third objection is based on the fact that the usual functions of feathers are to help animals fly or regulate their internal temperature. However, the structures represented by the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil were mostly located along the backbone and the tail of the animal. This would have made the structures quite useless for flight and of very limited use in thermoregulation. This suggests that the lines do not represent feathers.
Both of the reading and the lecture talk about Sinosauropteryx's feather possibility to exist. Although the lecturer believes that the evidence like pattern of lines surrounding the fossil, strongly exhibit Sinosauropteryx had feather, the reading casts doubt on it.
First off, the reading belives that the fine lines formed after decomposition of skins to the fibers. On the other hand, the lecture cast doubt on decompostion and asserts that no decoposition had occured after animal's death.
Secondly, the athure argues that the Sinosauropteryx's frill is misleadingly to the feather in investigations. But the lecturer firmly refused that. She states the feather and the frill have difrrent chemical composition. For example, the frills contained proteine but the feather is not.
Finally, the lecturer states that if the evidence statement about feather existance is true, this feathers are useless because they founded along the backbone pr the tail of the animal. So they can use for temperature control or flying. But the lecturer opposits with this idea. She thinks that Sinosauropteryx could use feathers to attract other sex. She clarify her idea by an example about pickuc and states about evidences which show this feathers maybe were colorful.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 227, Rule ID: HAD_VBP[1]
Message: Possible agreement error -- use past participle here: 'feathered'.
Suggestion: feathered
...l, strongly exhibit Sinosauropteryx had feather, the reading casts doubt on it. Fir...
^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 227, Rule ID: HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Use past participle here: 'feathered'.
Suggestion: feathered
...l, strongly exhibit Sinosauropteryx had feather, the reading casts doubt on it. Fir...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 357, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'She' must be used with a third-person verb: 'clarifies'.
Suggestion: clarifies
... use feathers to attract other sex. She clarify her idea by an example about pickuc and...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 474, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...show this feathers maybe were colorful.
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, if, may, second, secondly, so, for example, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1069.0 1373.03311258 78% => OK
No of words: 196.0 270.72406181 72% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.45408163265 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.74165738677 4.04702891845 92% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.93009542228 2.5805825403 114% => OK
Unique words: 119.0 145.348785872 82% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.607142857143 0.540411800872 112% => OK
syllable_count: 328.5 419.366225166 78% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 44.4825609071 49.2860985944 90% => OK
Chars per sentence: 82.2307692308 110.228320801 75% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.0769230769 21.698381199 69% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.30769230769 7.06452816374 89% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0760389163015 0.272083759551 28% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0285239317511 0.0996497079465 29% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0510654613887 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0569601059976 0.162205337803 35% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0549055477042 0.0443174109184 124% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 47.79 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.74 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.97 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.