Hail—pieces of ice that form and fall from clouds instead of snow or rain—has always been a problem for farmers in some areas of the United States. Hail pellets can fall with great force and destroy crops in the field. Over the last few decades, a method of reducing hail, called "cloud seeding," has been tried. In cloud seeding, the chemical silver iodide is sprayed on storm clouds from an airplane. This makes the clouds produce harmless rain or snow instead of hail. Several pieces of evidence suggest that cloud seeding has been effective in protecting crops from hail. Laboratory experiments Experiments in the laboratory support the idea that cloud seeding is effective. Hail usually forms water vapor that is close to the freezing point However, when experimenters added silver iodide to cold water vapor in the laboratory, they often observed light snow forming instead of hail pellets. Evidence from Asia There is evidence about the effectiveness of cloud seeding from several countries around the world. In some Asian countries, for example, cloud seeding has been successfully used to control precipitation in urban areas. These positive results suggest that cloud seeding should also be effective in protecting fields and farms in the United States. Local studies A few local studies also support the value of cloud seeding. One study conducted in a farming region in the central United States, for example, directly monitored crop damage due to hail. The study found that in an area where cloud seeding was used there was reduced hail damage compared to previous years.
The reading passage and the lecture both discuss the effectiveness of cloud seeding in protecting crops from getting damaged by hail storms. The author believes that cloud seeding has proven to be totally effective and three pieces of evidence evidence are mentioned. however, the lecturer casts doubt on all the arguments stated in the reading. she questions the reasons in the article.
First of all, the reading asserts that laboratory experiments supported the idea that cloud seeding is highly effective. The author explains that when silver iodide iodide is added to water vapor, snow is formed and not hail. however, the lecturer posits that this is not the whole story. she argues that silver iodide prevents any precipitation from the clouds, including rain which would be detrimental in areas at risk for draughts and the crops would be damaged because of lack of water.
Second, The reading holds that cloud seeding seeding has been used successfully in urban areas in asian countries to control hail. The lecturer, on the other hand, is not completely convinced by this evidence. she point out that the high level of air pollution at urban areas in asian countries played an important role, as pollution particles interacted with clouds and seeding chemicals creating favorable conditions for cloud seeding. These favorable conditions could not be repeated in the farming regions in the united states where there is no pollution.
Lastly, the reading contends that local studies done in the united states proved cloud seeding seeding to be successful in protecting crops from hail. Nevertheless, this point is challenged by the lecturer. she indicates that the number of hail storms storms was reduced not only in areas where cloud seeding seeding was implemented but also other surrounding regions. Hence, it was probably a natural variation in the weather that caused that reduction in hail that particular year, not cloud seeding.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 236, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: evidence
...e totally effective and three pieces of evidence evidence are mentioned. however, the lecturer ca...
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Line 1, column 269, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...ces of evidence evidence are mentioned. however, the lecturer casts doubt on all the ar...
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Line 1, column 347, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...ll the arguments stated in the reading. she questions the reasons in the article. ...
^^^
Line 5, column 159, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: iodide
...e. The author explains that when silver iodide iodide is added to water vapor, snow is formed...
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Line 5, column 227, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...ter vapor, snow is formed and not hail. however, the lecturer posits that this is not t...
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Line 5, column 290, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...osits that this is not the whole story. she argues that silver iodide prevents any ...
^^^
Line 7, column 38, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: seeding
... Second, The reading holds that cloud seeding seeding has been used successfully in urban are...
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Line 7, column 211, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
... completely convinced by this evidence. she point out that the high level of air po...
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Line 7, column 215, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'she' must be used with a third-person verb: 'points'.
Suggestion: points
...pletely convinced by this evidence. she point out that the high level of air pollutio...
^^^^^
Line 11, column 88, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: seeding
... done in the united states proved cloud seeding seeding to be successful in protecting crops fr...
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Line 11, column 208, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...is point is challenged by the lecturer. she indicates that the number of hail storm...
^^^
Line 11, column 246, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: storms
.... she indicates that the number of hail storms storms was reduced not only in areas where clo...
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Line 11, column 302, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: seeding
...s reduced not only in areas where cloud seeding seeding was implemented but also other surround...
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Line 11, column 504, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...hat particular year, not cloud seeding.
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, hence, however, lastly, nevertheless, second, so, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1648.0 1373.03311258 120% => OK
No of words: 313.0 270.72406181 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.26517571885 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.20616286096 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57631234429 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.536741214058 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 487.8 419.366225166 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 49.4696482073 49.2860985944 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 103.0 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.5625 21.698381199 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.1875 7.06452816374 88% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 14.0 4.19205298013 334% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.172763964547 0.272083759551 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0527086870305 0.0996497079465 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0451193381219 0.0662205650399 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.108987058406 0.162205337803 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0141188715304 0.0443174109184 32% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 13.3589403974 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.29 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.92 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.