The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900C.E.. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientists have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruption that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reason(disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees absorbing carbon dioxide, earth became cooler.
The passage has argued what caused the Little Ice Age. However, the professor said in the lecture, the reasons mentioned in the passage are out of date and could not account for the little Ice Age, and scientists have new information now.
First, the passage has claimed that disrupting ocean currents caused the Little Ice Age. In contrast, the professor explained that what the reading pointed out does not cover all regions that the little Ice Age happened, because the Ice Age also was happened in the southern hemisphere that the passage does not consider.
Second, the passage has asserted that many volcanic eruptions sent a dark cloud into the atmosphere and blocked the sunlight, and caused the Little Ice Age. On the contrary, the professor said that there is no report about changing the color of the sunlight in that period, and that means volcanic eruption was not strong enough to create the little Ice Age.
Third, the passage has alleged that the human population draped and trees overgrew in that period and caused the little Ice Age by eliminating carbon dioxide by trees. In contrast, the professor mentioned that the population decreased for a short time and was not long enough. Therefore, humans cut off the trees, and used the lands for agriculture.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, second, so, therefore, third, in contrast, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 11.0 22.412803532 49% => OK
Preposition: 17.0 30.3222958057 56% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1061.0 1373.03311258 77% => OK
No of words: 215.0 270.72406181 79% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.93488372093 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.82921379641 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.39586808551 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 110.0 145.348785872 76% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.511627906977 0.540411800872 95% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 330.3 419.366225166 79% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 58.4683094494 49.2860985944 119% => OK
Chars per sentence: 117.888888889 110.228320801 107% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.8888888889 21.698381199 110% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.88888888889 7.06452816374 126% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.222915912106 0.272083759551 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.108229739963 0.0996497079465 109% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0528282821698 0.0662205650399 80% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.145100016054 0.162205337803 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0302034322718 0.0443174109184 68% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.61 12.2367328918 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.23 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 47.0 63.6247240618 74% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.