Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses to explain this decline.
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attack cedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instances of sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so this insect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree’s decline.
A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears. Bears sometimes claw at the cedars in order to eat the tree bark, which has a high sugar content. In fact, the cedar bark can contain as much sugar as the wild berries that are a staple of the bears’ diet. Although the bears’ clawing is unlikely to destroy trees by itself, their aggressive feeding habits may critically weaken enough trees to be responsible for the decline.
The third hypothesis states that gradual changes of climate may be to blame. Over the last hundred years, the patterns of seasonal as well as day-to-day temperatures have changed in northwestern North America. These changes have affected the root systems of the yellow cedar trees: the fine surface roots now start growing in the late winter rather than in the early spring. The change in the timing of root growth may have significant consequences. Growing roots are sensitive and are therefore likely to suffer damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. This frozen root damage may be capable of undermining the health of the whole tree, eventually killing it.
The reading passage and lecture talks about the declination of yellow cedar plants in the northwestern part of North America. The passage points out insects and animals attack and climate variation as the main reasons for this decrease, On the other hand, the speaker declines these reasons for the downfall in population. The following are the points enlisted.
Firstly, paragraph portrays that feeding by cedar bark beetle on these trees is the main reason for their lowering in population. Larva from their mouth attacks the wood and thereby deteriorating its bark. On the contrary, the speaker, claims that bark and leaves of cedar trees bear<span class="hiddenSpellError" pre="and "></span> a chemical layer due to which the insects coming into contact would be dead.
Secondly, the passage depicts that brown and wild bears are inclined to the bark, which is an abundant source of sugar. The clawing across the bark and uneven habits of feeding make more damage, thereby resulting in the extinction of the mentioned trees. But the speaker claims that the existence of bear in only one region and still suspicious in the spring time, but the whole population of trees is affecting.
Lastly, the paragraph avers that the variation in climate has drifted the growth time from early spring season to late winters. The cold environment has exhausted the root flourishing process and diminished the vital nutrients, essential for the nourishment. Whereas, the speaker comments that at plains the growth is lowering and worst affecting the trees.
In conclusion, passage explains insects and animals attack and weather drift, as the prime cause. The speaker oppose the text and beleives the other sources as the focused reasons for the decrease in population of yellow cedar tree.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 324, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...reasons for the downfall in population. The following are the points enlisted. F...
^^^
Line 9, column 111, Rule ID: MASS_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: 'opposes'.
Suggestion: opposes
... drift, as the prime cause. The speaker oppose the text and beleives the other sources...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, firstly, if, lastly, second, secondly, so, still, whereas, in conclusion, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 16.0 7.30242825607 219% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 12.0 22.412803532 54% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1526.0 1373.03311258 111% => OK
No of words: 286.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.33566433566 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11236361783 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.08935821612 2.5805825403 120% => OK
Unique words: 158.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.552447552448 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 440.1 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.2564419386 49.2860985944 90% => OK
Chars per sentence: 109.0 110.228320801 99% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.4285714286 21.698381199 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.57142857143 7.06452816374 121% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.137154634498 0.272083759551 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0463725302756 0.0996497079465 47% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0590626544122 0.0662205650399 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0782605068954 0.162205337803 48% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0552679557516 0.0443174109184 125% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 13.3589403974 104% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.69 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.77 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.