Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses to explain this decline.
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attack cedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instances of sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so this insect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree's decline.
A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears. Bears sometimes claw at the cedars in order to eat the tree bark, which has a high sugar content. In fact, the cedar bark can contain as much sugar as the wild berries that are a staple of the bears' diet. Although the bears' clawing is unlikely to destroy trees by itself, their aggressive feeding habits may critically weaken enough trees to be responsible for the decline.
The third hypothesis states that gradual changes of climate may be to blame. Over the last hundred years, the patterns of seasonal as well as day-to-day temperatures have changed in northwestern North America. These changes have affected the root systems of the yellow cedar trees: the fine surface roots now start growing in the late winter rather than in the early spring. The change in the timing of root growth may have significant consequences. Growing roots are sensitive and are therefore likely to suffer damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. This frozen root damage may be capable of undermining the health of the whole tree, eventually killing it.
The article and the lecture discussed the possible reasons behind the yellow cedar's population decrease. The article suggested that there are three explanations for the declining population. The lecturer, on the other hand, responded that none of the arguments made in the article is sufficient to explain the decline.
To begin with, the article stated that the first possible reason is the cedar bark beetle. The article said that beetle attack yellow cedar and eventually reduce its population. The lecturer, however, noted that health cedar trees are resistant to the insects. The lecturer elaborated that healthy cedars produce powerful chemicals, which are toxic to the insects. According to the lecturer, beetles are not the fundamental cause for the cedars declining.
Second, the article pointed out that brown bear with its aggressive eating habits cause the reduction in the yellow cedars' population. In contrast, the lecturer claimed that decline of the yellow cedars happens with and without the presence of brown bears. He explained that though there are no bears in the island, the yellow cedar trees still declining. So, brown bears are not the main reason for the overall population decline.
Finally, the author of the article stressed that the climate changes might be the reason for the cedar's reduction. The article suggested that fluctuation in the climate influence the timing of roots growth. Whereas the lecturer countered that the trees usually die in cold weather, however it has been found that yellow cedars die in the hot weather not cold one. Therefore, climate change is not the main cause of population reduction.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 78, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'cedars'' or 'cedar's'?
Suggestion: cedars'; cedar's
... the possible reasons behind the yellow cedars population decrease. The article sugges...
^^^^^^
Line 1, column 192, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...lanations for the declining population. The lecturer, on the other hand, responded ...
^^^
Line 2, column 262, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...dar trees are resistant to the insects. The lecturer elaborated that healthy cedars...
^^^
Line 3, column 117, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'cedars'' or 'cedar's'?
Suggestion: cedars'; cedar's
...abits cause the reduction in the yellow cedars population. In contrast, the lecturer c...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 98, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'cedars'' or 'cedar's'?
Suggestion: cedars'; cedar's
...ate changes might be the reason for the cedars reduction. The article suggested that f...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, however, second, so, still, therefore, whereas, in contrast, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 5.01324503311 239% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1387.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 263.0 270.72406181 97% => OK
Chars per words: 5.27376425856 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.02706775958 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49519482111 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 126.0 145.348785872 87% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.479087452471 0.540411800872 89% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 423.0 419.366225166 101% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 22.4624686978 49.2860985944 46% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 86.6875 110.228320801 79% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.4375 21.698381199 76% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.8125 7.06452816374 96% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.167741893611 0.272083759551 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0615871601759 0.0996497079465 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0336465063456 0.0662205650399 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.109738181194 0.162205337803 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0198679857597 0.0443174109184 45% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.6 13.3589403974 87% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.99 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.15 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 63.6247240618 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 68.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.