In this set of materials, the reading passage states that Pterosaurs, an ancient group of winged reptiles, were not capable of powered flight. However, the lecturer argues that based on recent important studies, scientists express that they may be able to fly and refute all the reasons by offering several evidences.
First of all, it is mentioned in the article that since researchers consider Pterosaurs cold-blooded, they had slow metabolism and definitely could not produce enough energy to fly. In contrast, the professor asserts that recent discoveries show that dense hairs like feather covered the body of animal which means they were probably warm-blooded similar to birds So, it was practical for them to generate the energy needed for flight. In fact, they are not in the category of reptiles anymore.
Furthermore, the reading claims that heavy animals cannot fly and Pterosaurs are among huge animals. On the contrary, the professor explains that despite of large body, their weight were light because of hollow bones instead of dense ones. It allowed them to flap their wings fast and stay aloft for any length of time. Hence, the weight was not a big issue to prevent them from flying.
Finally, the passage believes that weak muscles in the back legs of Pterosaurs make it impossible for them to take off. Conversely, the professor contends that this type of animals are different with birds and use all four limbs to jump. Although birds just need to use their two legs to run to gain speed, Pterosaurs move their four limbs to push off the grounds and jump high enough to fly in the air. Therefore, this reason is not convincing to reject the idea of powered flight.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 446, Rule ID: ALLOW_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'rejecting'? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'convince' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.
Suggestion: rejecting
...herefore, this reason is not convincing to reject the idea of powered flight.
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, may, so, therefore, in contrast, in fact, first of all, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 45.0 30.3222958057 148% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1410.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 285.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94736842105 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10876417139 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47261641754 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 170.0 145.348785872 117% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.59649122807 0.540411800872 110% => OK
syllable_count: 425.7 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.2362158174 49.2860985944 108% => OK
Chars per sentence: 108.461538462 110.228320801 98% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.9230769231 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.1538461538 7.06452816374 144% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.147901464633 0.272083759551 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0471031709486 0.0996497079465 47% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0426192868402 0.0662205650399 64% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0849365744881 0.162205337803 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0180381711652 0.0443174109184 41% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.43 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.33 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.