Question : Summarise the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they case doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasoline for several reasons.
First, the increased use of ethanol fuel would not help to solve one of the biggest environmental problems caused by gasoline use: global warming. Like gasoline, ethanol releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when it is burned for fuel and carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas: it helps trap heat in the atmosphere. Thus, ethanol offers no environmental advantage over gasoline.
Second, the production of significant amounts of ethanol would dramatically reduce the amount of plants available for uses other than fuel. For example, much of the corn now grown in the United States is used to feed farm animals such as cows and chickens. It is estimated that if ethanol were used to satisfy just 10 percent of the fuel needs in the United States, more than 60 percent of the corn currently grown in the united stated would have to be used to produce ethanol. If most of the corn were used to produce ethanol, a substantial source of food for animals would disappear.
Third, ethanol fuel will never be able to compete with gasoline on price. Although the prices of ethanol and gasoline for the consumer are currently about the same, this is only because of the help in the form of tax subsidies given to ethanol producers by the United States government. These tax subsidies have cost the United States government over $11 billion in the past 30 years. If the United States government were to stop helping producers in this way, the price of ethanol would increase greatly.
THE READING PASSAGE AND LECTURE ARE BOTH ABOUT USING ETHANOL AS A ALTERNATIVE SOURCE TO GASOLINE. THE AUTHOR OF THE PASSAGE DOESN'T SUPPORT THIS IDEA AND PROVIDE THREE REASONS WHEREAS THE LECTURER OPINES THAT USING ETHANOL IS A REALLY GOOD IDEA.
FIRSTLY, THE AUTHOR STATES THAT USING ETHANOL CONTRIBUTES TO GLOBAL WARMING DUE TO RELEASE OF CARBON DIOXIDE WHICH IS A GREENHOUSE GAS. THE LECTURER CONTRADICTS THIS AND MENTIONS THAT PLANTS GROWN FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE AND REMOVE IT FROM THE ENVIRONMENT, THEREBY REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES.
SECONDLY, THE AUTHOR POSITS THAT USING ETHANOL WILL RESULT IN DECREASE IN FOOD SOURCE FOR ANIMALS. IN CONTRAST TO THIS, THE LECTURER ARGUES THAT ETHANOL CAN BE PRODUCED FROM CELLULOSE DERIVED FROM PARTS OF PLANT WHICH DO NOT SERVE AS FOOD FOR ANIMALS.
FINALLY, THE AUTHOR MENTIONS THAT COST OF PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL IS TOO HIGH AS COMPARED TO GASOLINE AND THE PRODUCTION OF FORMER LEVIES A HUGE ECONOMIC BURDEN ON US GOVERNMENT. THIS SPECIFIC POINT IS ALSO REBUTTED BY THE LECTURER. HE THINKS THAT AS THE DEMAND AND PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL WILL INCREASE, ITS PRICE WILL REDUCE. HE FURTHER MENTIONS ABOUT A STUDY TO SUPPORT HIS OPINION. ACCORDING TO THE STUDY, THE THREEFOLD INCREASE IN PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL WILL ACTUALLY DECREASE THE COST OF ETHANOL BY 40%.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 125, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: DOESN'T
... TO GASOLINE. THE AUTHOR OF THE PASSAGE DOESNT SUPPORT THIS IDEA AND PROVIDE THREE REA...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, firstly, if, really, second, secondly, so, whereas, in contrast, in contrast to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1111.0 1373.03311258 81% => OK
No of words: 216.0 270.72406181 80% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.14351851852 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.83365862548 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53615404342 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 117.0 145.348785872 80% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.541666666667 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 348.3 419.366225166 83% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 40.9353451108 49.2860985944 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.0 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.6363636364 21.698381199 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.5454545455 7.06452816374 149% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.140790647209 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0601743658587 0.0996497079465 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0449984854934 0.0662205650399 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0890221220098 0.162205337803 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0204601131366 0.0443174109184 46% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.6 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.53 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.62 8.42419426049 114% => OK
difficult_words: 69.0 63.6247240618 108% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.