Question: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific points made in the reading passage
Reading passage:
Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37 C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modern reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in plar regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. the physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian cannals
there is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian cannals. These cannals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian cannals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with haversian canals.
The article and the lecture discuss on whether the dinosaurs are or are not endotherms. The article states that dinosaurs differed from modern reptiles, and provides three evidnces of support the idea of dinosaurs were endotherms. However, the professor's lecture casts doubt on the reading by providing three points that contrary to evidences written on the article.
First, the article claims that the present of dinosaur fossils in the polar regions is evidence of dinosaurs were able to keep the body's temperature constantly. This evidence also indicates that dinosaurs were able to survive in very cold temperature, and therefore they were considered as endotherms. However, the professor refutes this point by explaining about how the dinosaurs could keep themselves away from the cold weather. She claims that in the past, the weather in the polar regions were warm for sometimes of the year, so dinosaurs could be able to live in. she also says that in cold seasons, dinosaurs could migrate to warmer area, or they cold hibernate like other reptiles.
Second, according to the article, dinosaurs' legs were positioned underneath the body, this position allows for running, and is similar to physical activities of typical endotherms. The legs position is evidence of dinosaurs were endotherms. On the other hand, the professor argues the idea presented in the article by providing other reasons why dinosaurs have legs underneath the body. She says that the positioning of legs underneath the body may have developed to support the large body weight in many dinosaurs.
Finally, the article states that the dinosaurs' bones contain of Haversian canals, structures that allow for fast body growth found in typical endotherms. This evidence indicates that dinosaurs were endotherms. However, the professor controverts the idea by explaining that dinosaurs' bones also contained growth ring, a particular structure, which indicate periods of slow growth alternating with periods of fast growth. Becasue an uneven period of growth is typical of animals that are not endotherms, so dinosaurs were not considered as endotherms.
and provides three evidnces of support the idea of dinosaurs were endotherms.
and provides three evidences of support the idea that dinosaurs were endotherms.
three points that contrary to evidences written on the article.
three points that are contrary to evidences written on the article.
three points contrary to evidences written on the article.
the present of dinosaur fossils in the polar regions is evidence of dinosaurs were able to keep the body's temperature constantly.
the present of dinosaur fossils in the polar regions is the evidence that dinosaurs were able to keep the body's temperature constantly.
The legs position is evidence of dinosaurs were endotherms.
The legs position is the evidence that dinosaurs were endotherms.
a particular structure, which indicate periods of slow growth
a particular structure, which indicates the periods of slow growth
Sentence: The legs position is evidence of dinosaurs were endotherms.
Description: A noun, plural, common is not usually followed by a noun, singular, common
Suggestion: Refer to legs and position
Sentence: Becasue an uneven period of growth is typical of animals that are not endotherms, so dinosaurs were not considered as endotherms.
Error: Becasue Suggestion: Because
flaws:
No. of Grammatical Errors: 5 2
Read a good grammar book.
No. of Words: 333 250
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Attribute Value Ideal
Score: 20 in 30
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 5 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 1 2
No. of Sentences: 15 12
No. of Words: 333 250
No. of Characters: 1756 1200
No. of Different Words: 145 150
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.272 4.2
Average Word Length: 5.273 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.648 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 136 80
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 116 60
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 76 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 61 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 22.2 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.856 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.733 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.434 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.615 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.173 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 4