Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet." The painting was attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such inconsistency.
Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting, these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow—which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
For these reasons, the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.
The reading passage and the lecture both talk about a painting of renowned artist Rembrandt. The writer takes in the position that the painting was work of someone else rather than Rembrandt. He mentions three possible reasons to strengthen his claims, while the professor utterly rejects all the points made by the passage.
In the passage, the writer talks about the nonuniformity of clothing of the women, such that, her linen cap was very cheap which possibility that used by servants, while the dark fur collar coat seemed like she was an aristocratic lady. However, the lecturer clearly demonstrates that X-ray analysis of the pigments used in the fur collar coat suggests it was added 100 years afterward the painting had made. Actually, the lady wore a simple dress which was not so rich.
According to the writer, Rembrandt had the exquisite ability to paint light and shadow which was absent in the painting. Especially, the fur collar coat diminished the chance of illuminating light in women's faces. The professor says that the women's coat was a simple light collar dress, which perfectly was able to shine the light in faces. This evidence is clear proof of Rembrandt's painting.
The reading suggests, several pieces of the glued wood panel used as the canvas was not the characteristic of Rembrandt's work. But, on the contrary, the speaker posits that the glued wood panel had made the painting more grandiose or enhanced its aesthetic value. He also adds that similar wood panel was previously used in Rembrandt's work.
To sum up, the reading passage and the lecture simultaneously hold opposite views about Rembrandt's painting.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 472, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e a simple dress which was not so rich. According to the writer, Rembrandt had t...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 395, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... is clear proof of Rembrandts painting. The reading suggests, several pieces of ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, however, if, so, then, while, on the contrary, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 15.0 22.412803532 67% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1384.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 272.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.08823529412 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06108636974 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5950778535 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.555147058824 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 406.8 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 45.1645517491 49.2860985944 92% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.8571428571 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.4285714286 21.698381199 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.5 7.06452816374 78% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.13356979122 0.272083759551 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0579549438592 0.0996497079465 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0511757985653 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.081663692661 0.162205337803 50% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.036732315881 0.0443174109184 83% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.24 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.0 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.