The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake. The level of salt in the lake's water-what scientists call its salinity-has been increasing steadily for years because the lake's water is evaporating faster than it is being replaced by rainfall or rivers. If the trend continues, the lake's water will soon become so salty that the lake will be unable to support fish and bird populations. The lake would then become essentially a dead zone. Fortunately, there are several ways to reverse the trend that is threatening the lake's health.
One option is direct removal of salt from the lake's water in special desalination facilities. Water from the lake would be pumped into the facilities and heated. This would cause the water to evaporate into steam, while salt and other materials dissolved in the water would be left behind. The steam would then be cooled down and returned to the lake as salt-free water. Gradually, the high salt levels would be reduced and the lake's overall health would be restored.
Another possible solution is to dilute the salt level in the lake with water from the ocean. Since water in the Pacific Ocean is 20 percent less salty than water in the lake, bringing ocean water into the lake would decrease the lake's salinity. The ocean water could be delivered through pipelines or canals.
Yet another solution would be to control the lake's salinity by constructing walls to divide the lake into several sections. In the smaller sections, salinity would be allowed to increase. However, in the main and largest section, salinity would be reduced and controlled by, among other things, directing all the freshwater from small rivers in the area to flow into that main section of the lake.
The article provides information regarding the possible options of desalination of the Salton Sea in California. The professor presents points which contradicts with the points mentioned in the passage. These contradictions will be elaborated in the following paragraphs.
Firstly, according to the author it is achievable to diminish the amount of salt in the lake by certain facilities, which do that by evaporating water into steam and separating the redundant salt. However, the lecturer illustrates that this process would cause immense problems. One of those is solid remaining materials which could be toxic to some extent. Those materials might damage people who are breathing the air of the environments.
Secondly, as it is stated in the passage, another feasible opportunity for decreasing the salt of lake is to transfer oceans' water to it. On the contrary, based on the information from the listening this needs building pipelines. As a result, it makes it very expensive operation and is not feasible since the government has not sufficient resources.
Last but not least, the author notes that dividing the lake into separate parts by means of walls help the desalination. This theory says that transferring freshwater from near rivers into biggest parts cause the level of total salt to fall. The lecturer, however, argues that this is a beneficial and effective measure, but only for short-time. This is because in long-term period the frequent earthquakes might collapse the walls and consequently, all mission will fail.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, first, firstly, however, if, regarding, second, secondly, so, as a result, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1303.0 1373.03311258 95% => OK
No of words: 243.0 270.72406181 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.3621399177 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.94822203886 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.9685019101 2.5805825403 115% => OK
Unique words: 148.0 145.348785872 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.609053497942 0.540411800872 113% => OK
syllable_count: 400.5 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.5417604623 49.2860985944 64% => OK
Chars per sentence: 93.0714285714 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.3571428571 21.698381199 80% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.78571428571 7.06452816374 110% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.171565197401 0.272083759551 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0478847869658 0.0996497079465 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0626319329438 0.0662205650399 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0923591266363 0.162205337803 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0251872813283 0.0443174109184 57% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.51 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.55 8.42419426049 113% => OK
difficult_words: 78.0 63.6247240618 123% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.