Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Marsand back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because if would add too much weight to the ship.
The reading and lecture are both about mission of astronauts to travel Mars. The author of the reading believes that there are three solutions required to successfully land on Mars. However, the lecturer casts doubts about the claims made in the passage and refutes all the theories presented.
First of all, the author points out that travelling to Mars would take two years. The article notes that their space ship has no enough cargo space to cater to the astronauts daily supply of food, water and oxygen for two years. Conversely, the point is challenged by the lecturer. She says that hydrophonics is one solution to solve the pressing problem. Furthermore, she argues that astronauts can grow plants on little space they have and can cultivate food crops in the spaceship. In addition, they can recycle waste water into clean water vapor and will be used as portable drinking water and also can have fresh air.
Secondly, the author contends that astronauts will be facing zero gravity on Mars. The article establishes that it has negative effects on human body such as decrease in body mass and bone density. On the contrary, the lecturer rebuts this argument. She suggests that other mission includes dealing with zero gravity for several months and it can be addressed by doing regular exercise so that the muscles will be healthy, talking calcium supplements to strengthen bones. As a result, the lecturer implied that it is possible to travel to Mars.
Finally, the author states that astronauts are exposed to dangerous space radiation. The article denotes that creating shield for the whole space craft will be impossible because it will create excessive weight in the ship. The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that solar radiation exposure are not dangerous when the contact is minimal. She puts forth the idea that small shielded shelter can be placed to protect the astronaut with the solar radiation and it is light weight and do not pose extra weight on the spacecraft. Also, there are instrument to detect radiation and they can stay on the shielded area until the radiation is over.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-20 | f.jafary66@gmail.com | 80 | view |
| 2020-01-18 | naziii | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-07 | 3dra | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-27 | Amirreza97 | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-16 | jeffhjz | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 439, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...muscles will be healthy, talking calcium supplements to strengthen bones. As a re...
^^
Line 7, column 468, Rule ID: LIGHT_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'lightweight'?
Suggestion: lightweight
...naut with the solar radiation and it is light weight and do not pose extra weight on the spa...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 545, Rule ID: THERE_RE_MANY[3]
Message: Possible agreement error. Did you mean 'instruments'?
Suggestion: instruments
...ight on the spacecraft. Also, there are instrument to detect radiation and they can stay o...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, however, second, secondly, so, then, in addition, such as, as a result, first of all, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 5.04856512141 257% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1763.0 1373.03311258 128% => OK
No of words: 354.0 270.72406181 131% => OK
Chars per words: 4.9802259887 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.33761313653 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.44486099219 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 192.0 145.348785872 132% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.542372881356 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 535.5 419.366225166 128% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 13.0 8.23620309051 158% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 42.718494895 49.2860985944 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.7894736842 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.6315789474 21.698381199 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.05263157895 7.06452816374 128% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0371377868109 0.272083759551 14% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.012375404737 0.0996497079465 12% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0165784685959 0.0662205650399 25% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0234130444695 0.162205337803 14% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0135707586654 0.0443174109184 31% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.3 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.6 12.2367328918 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.5 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 89.0 63.6247240618 140% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.