Explain the concept of ritualization using the example of dogs discussed by the professor.
Ritualization
Sociobiologists believe that some communicative behavior in animals is developed through a process called ritualization. In this process, the purpose of a given behavior changes over time—a behavior that originally had a practical purpose develops into one that communicates a specific message. For example, a certain movement or physical feature might evolve to serve as a signal or a warning that other animals will understand. Once a behavior is ritualized, it becomes a form of communication; therefore, if an animal engages in this behavior, other animals will be able to interpret the meaning of the behavior quickly and respond appropriately.
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 480.0 592.248995984 81% => Need more words or more difficult words.
No of words: 126.0 155.574297189 81% => More words wanted. You may: choose simpler words or speak faster or remove hesitations or remove long pauses, and fully use the time, do NOT save one or two seconds.
Chars per words: 3.80952380952 3.80514564318 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.35036895883 3.525876923 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 1.97891378621 1.79077849142 111% => OK
Unique words: 84.0 93.7148594378 90% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.666666666667 0.604071249207 110% => OK
Syllable count: 151.2 185.844578313 81% => OK
Avg_syllables_per_word: 1.2 1.19417670683 100% => OK
Performance on coherence:
Topic speech coherence ratio: 0.0171188239128 0.0650381309087 26% => It may have issues on recording quality or the content is not so closely related to content.
Acoustic performance on paragraphs:
How many acoustic paragraphs: 4.0 4.35341365462 92% => OK
Average paragraph length: 31.75 68.503853103 46% => The average paragraph length is low.
STD paragraph length: 22.0609949912 21.3332995233 103% => OK
Average paragraph duration: 14.5225 25.9943957902 56% => OK
STD paragraph duration: 10.7210362722 7.84667146824 137% => OK
Acoustic performance on sentences:
How many acoustic sentences: 33.0 42.0642570281 78% => OK
Average acoustic sentence length: 3.81818181818 4.02192344571 95% => OK
STD acoustic sentence length: 2.61063727799 3.1217529195 84% => OK
Average acoustic sentences duration: 1.57515151515 1.45093177766 109% => OK
STD acoustic sentences duration: 0.724238874088 0.99851816184 73% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic silence:(An acoustic silence means a little pause between two or more words)
How many acoustic silence: 35.0 39.0421686747 90% => OK
Total acoustic silence duration: 9.77 7.12997991968 137% => It may have a lot of silences or every silence is too long.
Average acoustic silence duration: 0.279142857143 0.185688545393 150% => Maybe the pauses are too long.
STD acoustic silence duration: 0.199002820204 0.155154303396 128% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic words:
Total word duration: 41.98 47.1480722892 89% => Need to talk more.
Average word duration: 0.333174603175 0.305395592593 109% => OK
STD word duration: 0.180649844559 0.189427763521 95% => OK
Disfluencies: like hesitations, or 'ehn' or taking a long time to pronounce a word:
How many disfluencies: 11.0 7.94979919679 138% => It may have 'ehn' in the speaking, or it has hesitations or overlapping speeches.
Total_disfluencies_duration: 8.23 6.2937751004 131% => Somehow the hesitation is serious.
Total acoustic noise duration: 4.63 3.39508032129 136% => It may have issues on recording quality or have issues on silences or disfluencies.
Acoustic rates:
Total speech duration: 58.09 59.7592369478 97% => Talk more. Do not save time. People can talk 4-5 words in one second.
Compare to expected duration: 0.968166666667 0.995987282463 97% => OK
Rate of silence: 0.602513341367 0.656000678711 92% => OK
Rate of speech: 2.16904802892 2.60215298798 83% => Need to bring more content.
Rate of speech by unique words: 1.44603201928 1.56821927147 92% => More unique words wanted.
Rate of word duration by unique words: 2.00095283468 1.99336655568 100% => OK
Average articulation rates: 0.422178873016 0.317803793328 133% => OK
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Rates: 51.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by speech e-grader: 15.5 Out of 30
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Note: the speech e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas.