The reading and the lecture are both about the migration ability of humpback whales to long distance. The author of the reading believes that humpback whales take the help of stars to navigate long distance. The lecturer challenges the statement made by the author by providing three reasons. He is of opinion that this is a fascinating theory, but the evidence provided in the passage is not much convincing.
First of all, the author suggests that humpback whales are intelligent enough to keep track of stars for migration. This argument is challenged by the speaker. He says that there is no real connection between intelligence and their ability to use the stars for navigation. Furthermore, he argues that many other animals like birds and dogs use this method but not because they are intelligent, in fact, they are born with this ability.
Secondly, the writer contends that humpback whales migrate in straight lines by using some external objects like starts. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by asserting that the external force mentioned in the passage is earth's magnetic field. He elaborates on this by mentioning that the whales use the earth's magnetic field as an external object. Additionally, in the whale's brain, there is biogenetic which is sensitive to the earth's magnetic field.
Finally, it is stated in the article that whales show an unusual behavior named, spy-hooping and that is rare among marine animals. This behavior guides whales to navigate by looking at the stars. The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that sharks also use the behavior for hunting. Also, whales use this behavior during the day time when there are no starts appeared in the sky. Hence, the claim is pure speculation.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 209, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...elp of stars to navigate long distance. The lecturer challenges the statement made ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, look, second, secondly, so, in fact, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1441.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 285.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.05614035088 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10876417139 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58726668655 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.522807017544 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 449.1 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 30.0459855168 49.2860985944 61% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.7647058824 110.228320801 77% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.7647058824 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.29411764706 7.06452816374 103% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.435462378915 0.272083759551 160% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.131269746132 0.0996497079465 132% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0812288117107 0.0662205650399 123% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.241472053504 0.162205337803 149% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0328451907734 0.0443174109184 74% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.8 13.3589403974 81% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.77 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.36 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.