Hospital statistics regarding people who go to the emergency room after roller-skating accidents indicate the need for more protective equipment. Within that group of people, 75 percent of those who had accidents in streets or parking lots had not been wearing any protective clothing (helmets, knee pads, etc.) or any light-reflecting material (clip-on lights, glow-in-the-dark wrist pads, etc.). Clearly, the statistics indicate that by investing in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment, roller skaters will greatly reduce their risk of being severely injured in an accident.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
this argument is based on the claim that investing in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment, roller skaters will reduce the risk of being severly injured in an accident. this is based on a stastic that states that 75 percent of the people who go to the emergency room after a roller-skating accident had not been wearing any protective clothing or light-reflecting material. however, this argument makes many assumptions which weaken the argument as a whole.
First, the argument assumes that the people who went to the emergency room after roller-skating injuries were skating properly. The accidents could have been avoided if the skaters were following skating rules, such as where to skate and obeying laws of traffic. any violations to these skating rules could have been the reason the skaters were injured. however, the argument fails to address this issue, which makes it unsound.
Second, the argument assumes that the skaters who were injured did not take any abnormal risks. The accidents could have occured because of the risks taken by the skaters. readers do not know if the statistics were collected from a representative sample. The data could have been collected from a group of young males who tend to take risks greater than those of older women, but the argument does not address this issue. The argument assumes that the statistics sample the population accurately, which provides weakness to this argument.
Last, the argument assumes that protective equipment will solve the problem of sever roller-skating injuries. In actuality, the assumptions that the argument makes prior to this assumption creates a great deal of skepticism for readers. There are many external factors that were not addressed in this argument and that would alter the conclusion if they were considered. it weakens the argument to assume that the addition of protective gear would directly reduce the risk of being severely injured in an accident.
For all these reasons, the argument can be viewed as fundamentally unsound. The argument could be strengthened by addressing whether or not the skaters followed rules and laws effecting skating. it could be strengthened by identifying the risks taken by the skaters from which the data was collected. And the argument could be greatly stengthened by eliminating any external forces or addressing them in the argument. All of these adjustments would provide the agrument with a solid foundation.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.5 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 14 15
No. of Words: 393 350
No. of Characters: 2027 1500
No. of Different Words: 174 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.452 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.158 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.754 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 140 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 126 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 81 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 46 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 28.071 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 17.734 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.5 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.426 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.638 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.168 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
this argument is based on the claim that inv...
^^^^
Line 1, column 188, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
... being severly injured in an accident. this is based on a stastic that states that ...
^^^^
Line 1, column 394, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...clothing or light-reflecting material. however, this argument makes many assumptions w...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...hich weaken the argument as a whole. First, the argument assumes that the peo...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 266, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Any
... to skate and obeying laws of traffic. any violations to these skating rules could...
^^^
Line 5, column 358, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...n the reason the skaters were injured. however, the argument fails to address this iss...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... this issue, which makes it unsound. Second, the argument assumes that the sk...
^^^^^
Line 9, column 175, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Readers
...use of the risks taken by the skaters. readers do not know if the statistics were coll...
^^^^^^^
Line 11, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... provides weakness to this argument. Last, the argument assumes that protecti...
^^^^^
Line 13, column 375, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...he conclusion if they were considered. it weakens the argument to assume that the...
^^
Line 15, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ing severely injured in an accident. For all these reasons, the argument can ...
^^^^^
Line 17, column 127, Rule ID: WHETHER[7]
Message: Perhaps you can shorten this phrase to just 'whether'. It is correct though if you mean 'regardless of whether'.
Suggestion: whether
...ent could be strengthened by addressing whether or not the skaters followed rules and laws eff...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 17, column 198, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...owed rules and laws effecting skating. it could be strengthened by identifying th...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, second, so, then, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 19.6327345309 107% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 11.1786427146 81% => OK
Relative clauses : 20.0 13.6137724551 147% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 28.8173652695 97% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 55.5748502994 70% => OK
Nominalization: 24.0 16.3942115768 146% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2092.0 2260.96107784 93% => OK
No of words: 393.0 441.139720559 89% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.32315521628 5.12650576532 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.45244063426 4.56307096286 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.82574299419 2.78398813304 101% => OK
Unique words: 182.0 204.123752495 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.4631043257 0.468620217663 99% => OK
syllable_count: 635.4 705.55239521 90% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.76447105788 126% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 22.8473053892 79% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.74328981 57.8364921388 62% => OK
Chars per sentence: 99.619047619 119.503703932 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.7142857143 23.324526521 80% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.38095238095 5.70786347227 42% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 13.0 5.25449101796 247% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 16.0 6.88822355289 232% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.171835406001 0.218282227539 79% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0587746921756 0.0743258471296 79% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0914556736933 0.0701772020484 130% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.114276571195 0.128457276422 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0840861742438 0.0628817314937 134% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 14.3799401198 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 48.3550499002 110% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 12.197005988 84% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.58 12.5979740519 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.39 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 96.0 98.500998004 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 11.1389221557 83% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.