Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight.
Author concludes that the investments are to be made upon unmanned space flights than manned space flights such that costs and risks pertaining to sending human life can be reduced. There are mainly three logical fallacies in author's assumptions.
Firstly, the author assumes that unmanned space flights are cheaper and safer. However, it is possible that unmanned space flights may be difficult to control and hence creating problems in deciphering messages from space. The animals or robots that used in replace to human may need extra cost for its generation and regulation. The alternatives of human life may not be able to operate the systems and may fail to decipher the correct and exact information to the earth. If the argument cannot provide reliable evidence to this assumption, the whole argument does not hold water.
Secondly, author mentioned the recent success of series of unmanned space probe and satellites provided useful information. How many such cases were recorded in the past? There is no any significant cases recorded or mentioned in the argument. It may be possible that the unhuman probes might have accidently provided information to the earth, when they were sent to with space flight. The accidental results may not be strong enough to conclude that unhuman space flights are better. In addition, the author has not given any past evidences and consequences related with sending man with the space flights.
Thirdly, it is assumed in the argument that sending unmanned space flights gave useful information. But the information may not be strong enough to know and explore about the spaces. However, it is possible that sending man in space flights may be fruitful for obtaining more and more and information about the spaces and that could lead to a greatest finding in the future endeavor.
Thus, the author should provide above mentioned evidences to buttress the given argument. Only after that, we can come up with the author's conclusion for investing in unhuman space flights.
Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 3 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 2 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 328 350
No. of Characters: 1657 1500
No. of Different Words: 160 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.256 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.052 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.503 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 124 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 100 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 62 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 30 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 18.222 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.82 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.722 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.345 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.552 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.097 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 181, Rule ID: NOW[2]
Message: Did you mean 'now' (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?
Suggestion: now
...ses were recorded in the past? There is no any significant cases recorded or menti...
^^
Line 7, column 342, Rule ID: THE_SUPERLATIVE[1]
Message: Use 'the' with the superlative.
Suggestion: the
...about the spaces and that could lead to a greatest finding in the future endeavor...
^
Line 9, column 132, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...nly after that, we can come up with the authors conclusion for investing in unhuman spa...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, firstly, hence, however, if, may, second, secondly, third, thirdly, thus, in addition
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 19.6327345309 92% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 11.1786427146 134% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 13.6137724551 88% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 28.8173652695 66% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 55.5748502994 72% => OK
Nominalization: 16.0 16.3942115768 98% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1701.0 2260.96107784 75% => OK
No of words: 328.0 441.139720559 74% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.18597560976 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.25567506705 4.56307096286 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57885562922 2.78398813304 93% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 204.123752495 80% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.5 0.468620217663 107% => OK
syllable_count: 528.3 705.55239521 75% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 19.7664670659 91% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 22.8473053892 79% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.6074338777 57.8364921388 67% => OK
Chars per sentence: 94.5 119.503703932 79% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.2222222222 23.324526521 78% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.38888888889 5.70786347227 94% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 5.25449101796 57% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.353338413884 0.218282227539 162% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.114671990176 0.0743258471296 154% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0987309666868 0.0701772020484 141% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.209187036305 0.128457276422 163% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0785123116148 0.0628817314937 125% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 14.3799401198 84% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 48.3550499002 110% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 12.197005988 84% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.82 12.5979740519 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.33 8.32208582834 100% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 98.500998004 80% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 12.3882235529 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 11.1389221557 83% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 54.17 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.25 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.