The graph below gives information about the U.S. government spending on research between 1980 and 2008.
The given line graph illustrates the amount of money the US government allocated for the research of five different categories from 1980 to 2008, measured in dollars.
It can be seen that the given period saw upward trends in the figures for the research of health, space, energy, and general science, while the amount of money spent on other research decreased. Moreover, how much money the US government invested in health-related research was the highest between 1980 and 2008.
Specifically, in 1980, there were around 8 billion dollars spent on health research. That figure rose dramatically to 23 billion dollars in 2004, before decreasing to 18 billion dollars in the next four years. The similar trends were seen in those data for research of space and energy, which were grown gradually from 6 and 5 billion dollars to about 9 and 7 billion dollars respectively over the period shown.
In contrast, the expenditure the US government spent on research in other fields plummeted from 8 to 5 billion dollars over the period. 5 billion dollars was also the same expenditure spent on general science research in 2008, which went up from 3 billion dollars in 1980.
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, if, moreover, so, while, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 7.0 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 1.00243902439 100% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 6.8 74% => OK
Relative clauses : 4.0 3.15609756098 127% => OK
Pronoun: 7.0 5.60731707317 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 36.0 33.7804878049 107% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 3.97073170732 126% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 975.0 965.302439024 101% => OK
No of words: 196.0 196.424390244 100% => OK
Chars per words: 4.97448979592 4.92477711251 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.74165738677 3.73543355544 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.69199744998 2.65546596893 101% => OK
Unique words: 101.0 106.607317073 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.515306122449 0.547539520022 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 277.2 283.868780488 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.45097560976 96% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 1.53170731707 131% => OK
Article: 3.0 4.33902439024 69% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.07073170732 187% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 0.482926829268 207% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 3.0 3.36585365854 89% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 8.94146341463 89% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 22.4926829268 107% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.2556623213 43.030603864 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 121.875 112.824112599 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.5 22.9334400587 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.25 5.23603664747 100% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 3.83414634146 104% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 1.69756097561 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 3.70975609756 54% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 1.13902439024 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.09268292683 147% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.202564151682 0.215688989381 94% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.111608917054 0.103423049105 108% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0757726317587 0.0843802449381 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.147567710162 0.15604864568 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0569655354776 0.0819641961636 70% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 13.2329268293 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 64.04 61.2550243902 105% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 6.51609756098 135% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 10.3012195122 100% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.84 11.4140731707 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.08 8.06136585366 88% => OK
difficult_words: 28.0 40.7170731707 69% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 11.4329268293 96% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.9970731707 105% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.0658536585 108% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 73.0337078652 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 6.5 Out of 9
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, if, moreover, so, while, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 7.0 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 1.00243902439 100% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 6.8 74% => OK
Relative clauses : 4.0 3.15609756098 127% => OK
Pronoun: 7.0 5.60731707317 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 36.0 33.7804878049 107% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 3.97073170732 126% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 975.0 965.302439024 101% => OK
No of words: 196.0 196.424390244 100% => OK
Chars per words: 4.97448979592 4.92477711251 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.74165738677 3.73543355544 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.69199744998 2.65546596893 101% => OK
Unique words: 101.0 106.607317073 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.515306122449 0.547539520022 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 277.2 283.868780488 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.45097560976 96% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 1.53170731707 131% => OK
Article: 3.0 4.33902439024 69% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.07073170732 187% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 0.482926829268 207% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 3.0 3.36585365854 89% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 8.94146341463 89% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 22.4926829268 107% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.2556623213 43.030603864 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 121.875 112.824112599 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.5 22.9334400587 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.25 5.23603664747 100% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 3.83414634146 104% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 1.69756097561 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 3.70975609756 54% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 1.13902439024 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.09268292683 147% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.202564151682 0.215688989381 94% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.111608917054 0.103423049105 108% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0757726317587 0.0843802449381 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.147567710162 0.15604864568 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0569655354776 0.0819641961636 70% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 13.2329268293 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 64.04 61.2550243902 105% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 6.51609756098 135% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 10.3012195122 100% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.84 11.4140731707 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.08 8.06136585366 88% => OK
difficult_words: 28.0 40.7170731707 69% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 11.4329268293 96% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.9970731707 105% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.0658536585 108% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 73.0337078652 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 6.5 Out of 9
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.