Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it appeared that a 70-million-year-old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex), a dinosaur, might still contain remains of the actual tissues of the animal. The discovery was made when researchers deliberately broke open the T. rex’s leg bone, thereby exposing its insides to reveal materials that seem to be remains of blood vessels, red blood cells, and collagen matrix.
First, the breaking of the fossilized leg bone revealed many small branching channels inside, which probably correspond to hollows in the bones where blood vessels were once located. The exciting finding was the presence of a soft, flexible organic substance inside the channels. This soft substance may very well represent the remains of the actual blood vessels of T. rex.
Second, microscopic examination of the various parts of the inner bone revealed the presence of spheres that could be the remains of red blood cells. Tests showed that the spheres contained iron-a material vital to the role of red blood cells in transporting oxygen to tissues. Moreover, the spheres had dark red centers (substances with iron tend to be reddish in color) and were also about the size of red blood cells.
Third, scientists performed a test on the dinosaur leg bone that showed that it contained collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a main component of living bone tissue, in which it forms a so-called collagen matrix. Collagen (or its chemical derivatives) is exactly the kind of biochemical material that one would expect to find in association with bone tissue
Both the reading and lecture discuss whether Tyrannosaurus rex, a dinosaur fossil still contain any true tissues of animal. The former argues that researchers intentionally broken open the leg of this dangerous where there have been exposed of remains of blood vessels, red blood cells and collagen matrix, and provides three reasons to support their ideas, but latter challenges each of these points.
First of all, the author in the passage asserts that presence of a delicate, flexible organic substances inside the channels has been justified that actual blood vessel of T.rex still presence there. However, the professor in lecture contends that it does not hold true because actually soft, flexible substance insides the hallow channels are not blood vessels. In fact, a bacteria live inside the channels, so it left residue of moist soft substances rather than blood vessels.
Secondly, according to the passage, the expert opined that presence of spheres revealed that there is red blood cells with iron which is reddish in color. In contrast, the lecture objects this idea. He supports his argument by presenting the example of fossil of animals which found in same place also have reddish color which have nothing to do with red blood cells. Moreover, the reddish in color material might be something else, instead of red blood cells.
Finally, the passage claims that dinosaurs leg bone exposed the collagen exactly same as T. rex bone tissues. Nevertheless, like two ideas before, the professor in his lecture proclaims that this reason is not feasible because collage cannot be stay older than 1000 year. Indeed, it contradict with the real facts, and collagen usually remains in skin which do not find in bone fossils.
not feasible because
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 321, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...tually soft, flexible substance insides the hallow channels are not blood vessels. In fact...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 373, Rule ID: A_PLURAL[1]
Message: Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean 'a bacterium' or simply 'bacteria'?
Suggestion: a bacterium; bacteria
...hannels are not blood vessels. In fact, a bacteria live inside the channels, so it left re...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 138, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: reddish
...e is red blood cells with iron which is reddish in color. In contrast, the lecture objects this ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 383, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: reddish
... do with red blood cells. Moreover, the reddish in color material might be something else, inste...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 284, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'contradicts'?
Suggestion: contradicts
...e stay older than 1000 year. Indeed, it contradict with the real facts, and collagen usual...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 12, column 2, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Not
... do not find in bone fossils. not feasible because
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, however, if, moreover, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, still, in contrast, in fact, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1488.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 285.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.22105263158 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10876417139 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.40401838623 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 169.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.59298245614 0.540411800872 110% => OK
syllable_count: 441.0 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 68.5497361522 49.2860985944 139% => OK
Chars per sentence: 106.285714286 110.228320801 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.3571428571 21.698381199 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.78571428571 7.06452816374 139% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0970398742979 0.272083759551 36% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0310443609602 0.0996497079465 31% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0344525491633 0.0662205650399 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0544211524641 0.162205337803 34% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0210263224781 0.0443174109184 47% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.3 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.0 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.01 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 63.6247240618 124% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.