Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.
One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel Petroleum is a finite resource;. Someday, we will run out of oil The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell. engines can not easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.
Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world's pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel- cell engines is water.
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine This is true for one simple reason:. A fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.
The passage states that internal-combustion engine will be a replacement of nowaday's car engines. The lecturer agrees that gasloine is a finite resource, but she argues that hydrogen is not a decent solution to alter the petroleum.
First of all, hydrogen is difficult to obtain. In order to get hydrogen, we have to get purified liquid hydrogen. According to present technologies, it is both hard to obtain and reserve liquid hydrogen.
Secondly, pollution will be made through the process of producing hydrogen. For the purpose of making hydrogen, a lot of energy is required. The energy is made from burning coil which will produce greenhouse gas and pollute the environment. So what is stated in the passage that the only thing hydrogen engine will produce is water is wrong.
Finally, although the passage says that the internal-combustion engine is both efficient and economically friendly, the lecturer argues that the hydrogen engine is expensive because the ware metal used in the making of the engine is extremely expensive. Besides, there is not an alternative to this material nowadays.
In a nutshell, the lecturer thinks that internal-combustion will not be a good substitute because the hydrogen is not a solution to fuel.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
besides, but, finally, first, if, second, secondly, so, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 11.0 22.412803532 49% => OK
Preposition: 20.0 30.3222958057 66% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1042.0 1373.03311258 76% => OK
No of words: 200.0 270.72406181 74% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.21 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.76060309309 4.04702891845 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.2173125431 2.5805825403 125% => OK
Unique words: 105.0 145.348785872 72% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.525 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 338.4 419.366225166 81% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 52.6938221131 49.2860985944 107% => OK
Chars per sentence: 86.8333333333 110.228320801 79% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.6666666667 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.66666666667 7.06452816374 80% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.191429565656 0.272083759551 70% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0716311933298 0.0996497079465 72% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0513433566592 0.0662205650399 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.105456501696 0.162205337803 65% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0217465162451 0.0443174109184 49% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.4 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 46.78 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.64 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.69 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 54.0 63.6247240618 85% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.