At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 145 million years. We do not know exactly what happened that eliminated so many species in a relatively short period of time, but there are several possible explanations.One theory involves the decline of sea levels. Near the end of the Triassic period, sea levels were fluctuating. When sea levels fall, the habitats for ocean populations that live in the shallows and land species that live on the coast are destroyed. The destruction of coastal and shallow-ocean species would have had a profound effect on food chains worldwide, leading to mass extinctions.Another theory involves massive climate cooling. The end of the Triassic period was marked by widespread volcanic activity. The volcanoes released large amounts of sulfur dioxide (S02). A rise in atmospheric S02 is known to cause a lowering in global temperatures. Such climate change could have devastated many species and led to the extinctions.The third theory involves an asteroid strike. Asteroids (objects from outer space) occasionally collide with Earth. When an asteroid hits Earth’s surface, it often displaces large amounts of soil and crushed rock, leaving behind a depression, or crater. The displaced debris is thrown up into the atmosphere where it can block out sunlight for many months or even a few years. A sufficiently massive asteroid impact at the end of the Triassic period may have blocked sunlight long enough for most plants to die and many animal species to then starve.
The reading claims that there are several evidences about what cause about massive extinct. however, the lecture disagrees with those ideas.
First of all, the reading claims that because the decline of the sea levels. however, the lecture disagrees with this idea. it is true the sea levels had been decline. but it happened gradually. The species living in coastal and shallow-ocean can adapt those gradually change. so it was unlikely caused massive extinction. only the sea levels decline suddenly can cause those species diet out.
Secondly, the reading claims that because the massive climate cooling cause massive extinction. however, the lecture disagrees with this idea. it is true that in the atmosphere contains s02, but it is in relative short time. The s02 could be cleared out by combining with water and fall back as rain. so it was unlikely that those s02 can block the sunlight.
Finally, the reading claims that the asteroid strike caused the massive extinction. however, the lecture disagrees with this idea. According to record, there are nothing related with asteroides striked on earth surface, and there are no debris appeared on earth surface. Also, the researchers didn't find any crater on the earth surface. so it is unlikely caused by asteroids. only one crater records were be find, but it is 12 milion years ago. it’s have nothing to do with the massive extinction, because it is too long ago.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-17 | nusybah | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-14 | M.S 2019 | 76 | view |
| 2019-10-24 | p0uya | 65 | view |
| 2019-10-24 | Seema Modak | 71 | view |
| 2019-10-08 | mahan vahab kashi | 80 | view |
- the environmental issues are too complex to be handle by the individual. 76
- Which of the following would you change to improve your health 1 The kind of food you eat 2 The amount of exercise 3 The amount of stress 35
- modern society is so complex, so young people need to have the ability to plan and organize. 70
- Environmental issues are too complex to be handle by the individual. 76
- young people tody are better able to make decisions about their own lives 70
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 93, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...about what cause about massive extinct. however, the lecture disagrees with those ideas...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 78, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
... because the decline of the sea levels. however, the lecture disagrees with this idea. ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 125, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
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Suggestion: It
..., the lecture disagrees with this idea. it is true the sea levels had been decline...
^^
Line 3, column 169, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...s true the sea levels had been decline. but it happened gradually. The species livi...
^^^
Line 3, column 278, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
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Suggestion: So
...ocean can adapt those gradually change. so it was unlikely caused massive extincti...
^^
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Suggestion: Only
...was unlikely caused massive extinction. only the sea levels decline suddenly can cau...
^^^^
Line 5, column 97, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
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Suggestion: However
...imate cooling cause massive extinction. however, the lecture disagrees with this idea. ...
^^^^^^^
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Suggestion: It
..., the lecture disagrees with this idea. it is true that in the atmosphere contains...
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Line 5, column 302, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
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Suggestion: So
...ining with water and fall back as rain. so it was unlikely that those s02 can bloc...
^^
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Suggestion: However
...d strike caused the massive extinction. however, the lecture disagrees with this idea. ...
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Line 7, column 294, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...on earth surface. Also, the researchers didnt find any crater on the earth surface. s...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 338, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
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Suggestion: So
...t find any crater on the earth surface. so it is unlikely caused by asteroids. onl...
^^
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Suggestion: Only
... so it is unlikely caused by asteroids. only one crater records were be find, but it...
^^^^
Line 7, column 406, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'been'.
Suggestion: been
...asteroids. only one crater records were be find, but it is 12 milion years ago. it...
^^
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Suggestion: It&apos
...be find, but it is 12 milion years ago. it's have nothing to do with the massive e...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, second, secondly, so, first of all, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1203.0 1373.03311258 88% => OK
No of words: 236.0 270.72406181 87% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.09745762712 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.91947592106 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.42222826016 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 118.0 145.348785872 81% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.5 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 369.9 419.366225166 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 13.0662251656 161% => OK
Sentence length: 11.0 21.2450331126 52% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 24.9194621097 49.2860985944 51% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 57.2857142857 110.228320801 52% => More chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 11.2380952381 21.698381199 52% => More words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 3.90476190476 7.06452816374 55% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 15.0 4.19205298013 358% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.27373068433 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.101973797076 0.272083759551 37% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.032131758897 0.0996497079465 32% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0309652953148 0.0662205650399 47% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0685607066266 0.162205337803 42% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0212138314828 0.0443174109184 48% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.2 13.3589403974 61% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.31 53.8541721854 112% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.12 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.66 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 4.0 10.7273730684 37% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 6.4 10.498013245 61% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.