How ancient Egyptians were able to bring rocks and other building materials to construction sites has been gaining evidence. But the question of how they lifted massive rocks to build the pyramid is still unsolved, leaving rooms for theories to be suggested. Experts managed to narrow down to three most probable methods.
Since there is no clear evidence or remains of pulleys and leverages back in ancient Egypt, constructing ramps around the edge of the pyramid could be a possible choice. Different types of ramps were proposed such as large straight ramps, spiraling ramps, and zigzagging ramps, all of which have inclined structures that reduce the amount of time and labor needed to carry materials to each level.
The second theory was developed by a French architect, Jean-Pierre Houdin. He used a 3D computer simulation to claim that the building materials were transported on spiraling ramps inside the pyramid. He also assumed there were notches at each corner, which enabled rocks to be turned for an easier change of direction. Such efficiency in flexible directional changes may have attracted ancient Egyptians.
The last theory is the limestone concrete hypothesis. Egyptians may have molded the mixed limestone to build the pyramid in the first place. According to this method, soft limestone is first dissolved in mud and then mixed with additional contents. With the use of wooden molds, the mixed blocks are gathered to shape the pyramid while drying at the same time.
The given passage emphasizes on how the pyramid is built by ancient Egyptians especially how they lift those massive rocks. The author of the passage mentions three possible explanations which are refuted by the lecturer by using its own reasons and evidence.
The first point that lecturer makes is about the external ramps which according to the passage, were used to reduce the amount of time and labour needed to carry materials. However, the lecturer refutes this point stating that even if the ancient Egyptians have used ramps to carry rocks it would still be difficult to move them near at the higher levels of the pyramid with increased inclination. The lecturer also points out that in case of spiral and zigzagging ramps the turning the rocks at corners will still be a problem.
The second theory mentioned in the passage is, ancient Egyptians might have used internal ramps with notches at each corner for easier change of direction while pulling rocks. This theory is turned down by the lecturer saying that there is no evidence of internal ramping, And this speculation is completely based on computer simulation. To verify this theory one must go inside the pyramid which no one ever did. Also, the lecturer casts doubt about the existence of spiral and zigzagging ramps during that time.
Lastly, the passage states the theory of limestone where they might have moulded the pyramid at the first place. Lecturer contradicts this theory stating that it doesn't explain how they got the pyramid faces perfectly at the top and also points out that with stone tools of their time it is very difficult to achieve such a level of perfection in such a less time.
In this way, the passage explains three different theories about pyramid construction and the lecturer opposes to all of them using his evidence and reasons.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... using its own reasons and evidence. The first point that lecturer makes is abou...
^^^
Line 7, column 163, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...contradicts this theory stating that it doesnt explain how they got the pyramid faces ...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, lastly, second, so, still, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 46.0 30.3222958057 152% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1533.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 309.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 4.96116504854 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1926597562 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.38486515815 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 158.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.511326860841 0.540411800872 95% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 473.4 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.2732385029 49.2860985944 98% => OK
Chars per sentence: 127.75 110.228320801 116% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.75 21.698381199 119% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.83333333333 7.06452816374 68% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.181326402995 0.272083759551 67% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0734422669797 0.0996497079465 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0661052254892 0.0662205650399 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.108479573446 0.162205337803 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0327616638373 0.0443174109184 74% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.8 13.3589403974 111% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.56 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.78 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.3 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.