Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity--a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
Both the reading and the lecture discuss how humpback whales migrate long distances. While the reading claims some reasons, the professor disagrees with the ideas brought up by the passage and offers some counterclaims to refute them,.
First, the reading says that humpback whales are in intelligent and they use stars to navigate. However, the professor disagrees. According to the lecture, there is no connection between intelligent and navigation. Because some birds and other animals are able to use star to navigate, but they are not intelligent enough.
Second, according to the passage, these type of animals are able to keep movement in a straight direction by external objects or forces. In contrast, the professor disapproves this points. He points out they cannot use external objects, but they have a specific area in their brain named bio-magnetite which enable them to use earth magnetite to navigate in a straight direction.
Third, the passage goes on to mention that humpback whales have unusual behavior named spy-hopping which enable them to use stars to navigate. Conversely, the professor rejects the author's view and illustrate the idea that they do not use spy-hopping behavior in looking stars. Because sharks have this characteristics, but they do not migrate. they use this behavior to look around themselves and be aware of predator. For this reason, it is a pure speculation if we think they use it for navigation.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 234, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , .
...offers some counterclaims to refute them,. First, the reading says that humpback ...
^^
Line 3, column 56, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ng to the passage, these type of animals are able to keep movement in a straight ...
^^
Line 4, column 298, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...r in looking stars. Because sharks have this characteristics, but they do not migrat...
^^^^
Line 4, column 345, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: They
...aracteristics, but they do not migrate. they use this behavior to look around themse...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, first, however, if, look, second, so, third, while, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1214.0 1373.03311258 88% => OK
No of words: 233.0 270.72406181 86% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.21030042918 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.90696013833 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.83529591198 2.5805825403 110% => OK
Unique words: 129.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.55364806867 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 379.8 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 41.8347087613 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 86.7142857143 110.228320801 79% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.6428571429 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.71428571429 7.06452816374 81% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.158504984106 0.272083759551 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0580368201608 0.0996497079465 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.062819608661 0.0662205650399 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0933818467312 0.162205337803 58% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0297397498034 0.0443174109184 67% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.4 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.64 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.56 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.