Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible. First, atmospheric pressure at Venus' surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well. Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus. Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
In this set of materials, the reading and the lecture are both discussion humans present on venus wherein the reading states that humans cannot survive on venus, and it provides three reasons of support. however, the professor notes that there are still many issues with venus. Moreover, the lecturer challenges each of the author's points.
First, the writer of the reading claims that the venus' surface atmospheric pressure is higher than the earth's pressure. The lecturer refutes this point by explaining that the pressure on 50 km far away from venus is equal to the pressure of the earth. Therefore, the spacecraft will not crush.
Secondly, the reading states that there is no water on Venus. however, the professor points out that there are gases such as CO2 and Sulfuric Acid at 50 km from venus' surface. Hence, the spacecraft at this distance can use these gases for obtaining oxygen and water.
Finally, the author of the reading says that a small amount of sunlight reaches the venus' surface. The speaker of the lecture opposes this point by mentioning that the clouds on 50 km far away from the venus' surface are thin so the sunlight can reach very smoothly. More than that, the spacecraft can easily use this light and the reflected light from the venus' surface to recharge batteries for producing the energy.
In conclusion, the three reasons made in the listening contrast with the reading. The first, second and third points in the lecture demonstrate that human does not survive on venus is in doubt. Additionally, both the writer and the lecturer hold conflicting views about humans on venus.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 206, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...d it provides three reasons of support. however, the professor notes that there are sti...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 64, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...states that there is no water on Venus. however, the professor points out that there ar...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, hence, however, moreover, second, secondly, so, still, therefore, third, in conclusion, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1358.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 272.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 4.99264705882 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06108636974 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.40672671434 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.492647058824 0.540411800872 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 399.6 419.366225166 95% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 14.0 8.23620309051 170% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 41.9578624601 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.5333333333 110.228320801 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.1333333333 21.698381199 84% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.4 7.06452816374 105% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.108420932564 0.272083759551 40% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0406840116459 0.0996497079465 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0380804556804 0.0662205650399 58% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0685870582582 0.162205337803 42% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0348163123477 0.0443174109184 79% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.1 13.3589403974 83% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.37 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.95 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.