Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered whether large pterosaurs were cap

The article states that pterosaurs were not capable of powered flight and they were able only to glide. The author provides three reasons for support. However, the professor explains that new research shows that they might be capable of powered flight, and she refutes each of the author's reasons.

First, the reading argues that since modern reptiles are cold-blooded, ancient reptiles such as pterosaurs were probably cold-blooded as well. Cold-blooded animals typically have a slow metabolism and are unable to produce a lot of energy. pterosaurs were not able to produce enough energy to fly by flapping their wings. Nevertheless, the professor refutes this point by stating that some recent research indicates that they had fur and it is related to warm-blooded animals. As a result, they could supply enough energy that they needed.

Second, the article claims that pterosaur was so heavy and they would not have been able to flap their wings fast enough to stay aloft. The professor contends that they had hollow bones and even though they were so large, but they had not so much weight.

Third, the reading avers that they could not take off from the ground because they were so heavy and their legs were not so strong to allow them to run fast or jump high enough to launch themselves into the air. The professor opposes this point by saying that it is true that their legs were not enough to do this activity but they use their hand too. She adds that this situation provides a condition to jump and fly.

Votes
Average: 7.8 (1 vote)
Essay Categories

Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 241, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Pterosaurs
... are unable to produce a lot of energy. pterosaurs were not able to produce enough energy ...
^^^^^^^^^^

Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, nevertheless, second, so, third, well, such as, as a result, it is true

Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments

Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 40.0 22.412803532 178% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.

Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1263.0 1373.03311258 92% => OK
No of words: 261.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 4.83908045977 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0193898071 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.33154906016 2.5805825403 90% => OK
Unique words: 139.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.532567049808 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 372.6 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK

A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.

Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 43.8903960327 49.2860985944 89% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.1538461538 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.0769230769 21.698381199 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.07692307692 7.06452816374 100% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?

Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.171051120307 0.272083759551 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0690325750531 0.0996497079465 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0732395634489 0.0662205650399 111% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.112662271379 0.162205337803 69% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0286288974893 0.0443174109184 65% => OK

Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.4 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 68.1 53.8541721854 126% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.79 12.2367328918 88% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.77 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?

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Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.