The reading passage contends that Pterosaurs are not able to fly. However, the professor claims that Pterosaurs probably be capable of powered flight. Therefore, the lecture completely refutes the reading passage.
First of all, the professor disagrees with the reading\'s idea that Pterosaurs are cold-blooded animals, which means their low metabolism can\'t supply enough energy to enable them to fly in the sky. She supports her idea by using the fact that scientists have found that Pterosaurs have dense hair like covering, just like fur, which probably suggest that Pterosaurs are warm blooded animals, because a lot of warm blooded animals use their fur to keep warm. Thus, Pterosaurs are able to create enough energy to fly.
Moreover, although the passage states that Pterosaurs are too heavy and large to fly, the professor points out that they have anatomical structure. This is because their bones are hollow, which enable them to be very light despite their big size. Consequently, Pterosaurs are low weight enough to fly.
Furthermore, the speaker casts doubt the writer\'s idea that it is difficult for Pterosaurs to take off from the ground due to their week and small back leg muscles. The professor indicates that there is a big difference between birds and Pterosaurs. Birds only use their high limbs to walk or take off, so they only use two limbs. However, Pterosaurs use four limbs together to walk or push off the ground, just like the bats. Hence, they can run fast enough to launch themselves into the air by using four limbs together.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, moreover, so, therefore, thus, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1308.0 1373.03311258 95% => OK
No of words: 259.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.05019305019 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.01166760082 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48469923057 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.563706563707 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 389.7 419.366225166 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 58.0485809913 49.2860985944 118% => OK
Chars per sentence: 93.4285714286 110.228320801 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.5 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.92857142857 7.06452816374 98% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.153048541156 0.272083759551 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0581287137768 0.0996497079465 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0461756290815 0.0662205650399 70% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.102017431693 0.162205337803 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0357977833158 0.0443174109184 81% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.6 13.3589403974 87% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.01 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.27 8.42419426049 86% => OK
difficult_words: 45.0 63.6247240618 71% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.