Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet." The painting was attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such inconsistency.
Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting, these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow—which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
Finally, the examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
For these reasons, the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.
The reading describes doubts about "Portrait of an elderly woman in a white bonnet" which was considered to be one of the Rembrandt, the most famous Dutch painter's painting, and gives three reasons to endorse its idea. On the other hand, the lecture provides counter-arguments by stating that careful re-examination has proved the portrait to be indeed Rembrandt's piece of art.
To begin with, the author states that Rembrandt was known for paying closer attention to the details of his paintings, whereas the details of the woman's luxury fur collar were not matching with the description of her dress. However, the Lecture refutes this claim by indicating that x-ray analysis has shown that the pigment of the fur is not matching with the original painting. As it was added over the top of the fur collar hundred years later to increase the value of the painting, and in order to make the portrait more valuable. This is why the details seemed different.
In addition, the writer describes that there is a shadow on the woman's face from her black collar, it was impossible for Rembrandt to did such a blunder, as he was known to paint lights and shadows. The lecture opposes this argument by insisting that the painter was master to know the effect of shadowing and lighting. During the analysis when fabricated pigment from the fur was removed, a light-colored collar was discovered under the black fur that clearly suggests this light color illuminated the woman's face. Therefore this is not an error made by the painter but by the fabricator.
Lastly, the writer points that if it was the painter's original work it was not glued on several pieces of wooden panels because Rembrandt had not used several pieces of wood for any of his creations. The lecture clarifies this and explains that the original painting was on a single panel but when the fur collar was added then the wooden frame was enlarged too with multiple panels. Another evidence is the source of woody pannel. Rembrandt had used the same wood source for creating another portrait and this could not be a coincidence. So, extra panels were used later for enlargement purpose only.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 427, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a hundred'.
Suggestion: a hundred
...as added over the top of the fur collar hundred years later to increase the value of th...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 516, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...ight color illuminated the womans face. Therefore this is not an error made by the painte...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, however, if, lastly, so, then, therefore, whereas, in addition, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 23.0 10.4613686534 220% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 46.0 30.3222958057 152% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1796.0 1373.03311258 131% => OK
No of words: 367.0 270.72406181 136% => OK
Chars per words: 4.89373297003 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.37689890912 4.04702891845 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62324667737 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 188.0 145.348785872 129% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.512261580381 0.540411800872 95% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 546.3 419.366225166 130% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 61.9453522604 49.2860985944 126% => OK
Chars per sentence: 119.733333333 110.228320801 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.4666666667 21.698381199 113% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.73333333333 7.06452816374 95% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.183897516223 0.272083759551 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0597193757629 0.0996497079465 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0680078334081 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.12140379657 0.162205337803 75% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0703252282948 0.0443174109184 159% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.8 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.38 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.53 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.5 10.7273730684 172% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.