Sea otters are a small mammal that lives in the waters along North America's west coast from California to Alaska. A few years ago some of the sea otter populations off of the Alaskan coast started to decline rapidly and raised several concerns because of their important role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts began investigating and came up with two possible explanations. One explanation was environmental pollution and the second was attacks by predators.
At first it seemed as if the pollution was the most likely cause for the population decline. One reason pollution was more likely was because of the known pollution sources along the Alaskan coast such as oil rigs. Also water samples taken in the area showed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters' immune systems and indirectly result in their deaths.
Another thing that pointed to pollution as the culprit was the decline of other sea mammals such as seals in the same areas. This indicated that whatever was affecting the otters was also affecting the other sea mammals. Environmental pollution usually affects an entire ecosystem instead of just one species. Only predators that occurred in a large area, such as orcas (a large predatory whale), could cause the same effect, but they usually hunt larger prey.
Finally, scientists believed the pollution hypothesis would also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline. In some Alaskan locations the otter population declined greatly while other populations remained stable. Some experts suggested this could be explained by ocean currents, or other environmental factor, might have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
Summarize the point made in the lecture and explain how the speaker cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
The reading and lecture both talk about the reasons behind the declining population of sea otters. Whereas reading states that there can be two reasons behind this issue one can be environmental pollution and other reason can be attacks predators. The lecturer suggests that the most possible reason should be predation. where reading suggests that the most likely cause is environmental pollution. The lecturer casts his doubt on the main point of reading by giving two reasons.
First of all, according to the reading, there are some oil rigs along Alaskan coastline which are affecting the immune system of sea mammals. the lecturer dispute this point he says that there is a lack of dead sea otters at Alaskan beaches if they are dying because of pollution. he says that if predators are the reason behind this they are eating their prey right away and that's the reason behind sea otters are not washing off at shores.
Secondly, the reading states that there is also a decline in the population of other sea mammals in the same areas because the entire ecosystem is dependent on each other so there is some reason behind declined population of sea otters and other mammals like seals and orcas can't be the reason behind this because orcas pray larger animals like whales. Nevertheless, the lecture refuses this argument he argues that because of human hunting whale population declined and orcas are praying on available resources like sea otters and seals.
Finally, the reading claims that an uneven pattern of decline along the coastline can be the result of uneven pollution and ocean currents, on the other hand, the lecturer believes that it is because orcas can not hunt in shallow water so near shallow water population of otters are intact but in areas which are accessible to orcas population is decreasing.
In conclusion, although the reading and lecture are about the declining population of orcas the two points made by reading are effectively challenged by the lectrer.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 311, Rule ID: SHOULD_BE_DO[1]
Message: Did you mean ''?
...that the most possible reason should be predation. where reading suggests that the most l...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 322, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Where
...st possible reason should be predation. where reading suggests that the most likely c...
^^^^^
Line 1, column 322, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “where” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...st possible reason should be predation. where reading suggests that the most likely c...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 143, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...cting the immune system of sea mammals. the lecturer dispute this point he says tha...
^^^
Line 2, column 282, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
...if they are dying because of pollution. he says that if predators are the reason b...
^^
Line 2, column 377, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...ey are eating their prey right away and thats the reason behind sea otters are not wa...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 276, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
... and other mammals like seals and orcas cant be the reason behind this because orcas...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, if, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, whereas, in conclusion, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 24.0 10.4613686534 229% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1661.0 1373.03311258 121% => OK
No of words: 333.0 270.72406181 123% => OK
Chars per words: 4.98798798799 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.27180144563 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4638939661 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.447447447447 0.540411800872 83% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 525.6 419.366225166 125% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 27.0 21.2450331126 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 92.349426997 49.2860985944 187% => OK
Chars per sentence: 138.416666667 110.228320801 126% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.75 21.698381199 128% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.1666666667 7.06452816374 144% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.19500656063 0.272083759551 72% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0793006615483 0.0996497079465 80% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0644980338303 0.0662205650399 97% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.115701967438 0.162205337803 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.070082280068 0.0443174109184 158% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.9 13.3589403974 119% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.07 53.8541721854 82% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 11.0289183223 125% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.96 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.11 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 10.498013245 122% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.