Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.
The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female orca whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.
A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are giant marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.
A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
Recently, there has been a ton of debates about the possible reasons for the strange noises in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. More specifically, regarding the passage, the writer puts forth the idea that several reasons might have caused these sounds. In the listening passage, the lecturer is quick to point out there are some serious flaws in the writer's claims. I fact, the professor believes that the experts have problems with all reasons mentioned in the reading passage, and addresses, in detail the trouble with each point made in the reading text.
First and foremost, the author of the reading states that the first theory suggests that these sounds were calling of female Orca to attract the males. Some professionals in the same field, however, stand infirm opposition to this claim. In listening, for example, the professor states that this idea is highly unlikely. He goes on to say that Orca whales live in a surface of the water while the submarines locate in the deep of the Ocean; which made it impossible for the sonar of Russian submarine to detect Orca.
One group of scholars, represented by the writer, think that the giant squid was responsible for the noises. Of course, though, not all experts in this field believe this is accurate. Again, the speaker specifically addresses this point when he states that the Russian submarine used to detect the sounds of squid in the North and Arctic Oceans for two decades before they stopped hearing any sounds of squid; which means the Russians did not hear squid sounds in the Arctic Ocean.
Finally, the author wraps his argument by positing that the third idea suggests that the sounds were from a submarine of another country patrolling in the Oceans. Not surprisingly, the lecturer takes this issue with his claim by contending that the sounds in the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans changed its direction very quickly, which cannot be done by submarine.
To sum up, both the writer and the lecturer hold conflicting views about the possible reasons for sounds in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. they will have trouble finding common ground on this issue.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 19, column 146, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: They
...in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. they will have trouble finding common ground...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, however, if, regarding, so, third, while, for example, of course, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 50.0 30.3222958057 165% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1798.0 1373.03311258 131% => OK
No of words: 360.0 270.72406181 133% => OK
Chars per words: 4.99444444444 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.35587717469 4.04702891845 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.37531024614 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 185.0 145.348785872 127% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.513888888889 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 529.2 419.366225166 126% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 59.7515597193 49.2860985944 121% => OK
Chars per sentence: 119.866666667 110.228320801 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.0 21.698381199 111% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.06666666667 7.06452816374 86% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.183114067947 0.272083759551 67% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0545674978196 0.0996497079465 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0592652409171 0.0662205650399 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.100104273248 0.162205337803 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0157658280489 0.0443174109184 36% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.1 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.96 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.07 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.