The article states that there are three main evidences available revealing that ancient group of winged reptiles called pterosaurs were not able to fly. However, the professor challenges the claims made by the passage by putting forth her three main reasons.
First, the reading passage asserts that the creatures were probably cold-blooded such as reptiles. While, the professor refutes this point by explaining that the discovered fossils displayed that the ancient reptiles had dense hair or fur. Because having fur is the most dominant characteristic of warm-blooded animals such as birds, therefore, the reptiles were warm-blooded to keep their body temperature high when the temperature in surrounding environment is low. Consequently, their metabolism was fast enough to enable them to provide the required energy to fly.
Second, the author argues that the reptiles possibly were too heavy to be able to fly. Conversely, the professor opposes this point by explaining that the animal was unusually light. According to anatomy studies, the reptile bones were hollow and not solid which made them light enough to give them the opportunity be able to fly.
Third, the passage posits that the reptile was too large and was not enough capable to take off for fly. However, the lecturer refutes this point by demonstrating that there is an important difference between birds and the ancient reptile. To clarify it, she adds that although birds rely on just their two legs to fly but the reptiles used their four legs to push them from the ground and make it possible for them to run fast or jump enough to fly.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, conversely, first, however, if, second, so, therefore, third, while, as to, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1353.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 265.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.10566037736 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03470204552 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62246504089 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 148.0 145.348785872 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.558490566038 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 414.9 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 43.7451584623 49.2860985944 89% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.75 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0833333333 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.5 7.06452816374 120% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.314339265335 0.272083759551 116% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.105644341158 0.0996497079465 106% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0597175828232 0.0662205650399 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.174826640552 0.162205337803 108% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0302052409476 0.0443174109184 68% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.36 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.42 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 63.6247240618 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.