TPO 47
The reading and the listening are both about whether Pterosaurs, reptiles animals lived in dinosaurs era, were able to fly or not. Three supporting pieces of evidence are given in the lecture explaining that Pterosaurs had the ability to fly, all of which are debunked in the lecture.
First, the author of the reading points out that Pterosaurs were cold-blooded animals since modern reptiles are cold-blooded animals. According to the article, cold-blooded animals have low metabolism and this feature would not allow them to generate high energy. In case of Pterosaurs, they would not have been able to produce energy that would be enough to make them fly. The professor, in contrast, says that recent fossils showed that Pterosaurs were covered by fur or hair, this indicates that they were warm-blooded animals and were able to produce a lot of energy that required to fly.
Second, the author of reading states that Pterosaurs were large and probably heavy animals and this would make it hard for them to fly. The professor, on the other hand, posits that paleontologists have discovered that Pterosaurs's bone has a hollow structure not a solid. This illustrates that Pterosaurs weight was lighter than what was mentioned in the reading and they probably were able to fly.
Finally, the author of the reading establishes that Pterosaurs back legs muscles were small and this feature has made flying very hard for Pterosaurs. The professor, in contrast, argues that Pterosaurs were walking on four limbs and compared to modern animals which do so, they would have been able to run fast or jump high to launch themselves into the air.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, second, so, in contrast, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 10.4613686534 172% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1380.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 272.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.07352941176 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06108636974 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.63317437069 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 135.0 145.348785872 93% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.496323529412 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 422.1 419.366225166 101% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 32.5606871412 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 125.454545455 110.228320801 114% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.7272727273 21.698381199 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.27272727273 7.06452816374 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.47012382188 0.272083759551 173% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.18901610046 0.0996497079465 190% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0752318190742 0.0662205650399 114% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.295088955297 0.162205337803 182% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0945272056496 0.0443174109184 213% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.8 13.3589403974 111% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.42 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.14 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.