Although the author claims three main reasons to indicate that Pterosauras, some enormous reptiles living in the era of dinosaurs, had potential to fly using their wings rather than gliding, the professor finds them dubious and brings three counterclaims to refute them all.
Firstly, the author argues that these animals were cold-blooded reptiles which could not retain their body temperature and lost the energy needed for powered flight. On the other hand, the professor mentions that in their fossils, there were a lot of evidence of having fur and feather which could keep them warm enough to maintain their energy in the harsh climate.
Secondly, the author states that they had weight limitation to fly since they were so heavy. In contrast, the professor gainsays this idea and states that according to their fossils, instead of having solid bones, they had hollow bones which could help them have a low weight, thus, they were able to have a powered flight.
Eventually, the author believes that pterosauras did not have powerful muscles and legs to run or jump for taking off before flight such as birds. However, the professor asserts that birds always use their two hind legs in order to walk on the ground. While these animals used four legs to push off the ground and take off. Thus, they were able to make use of their four legs for either run of jump before they launch the flight.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, however, second, secondly, so, thus, while, in contrast, such as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1171.0 1373.03311258 85% => OK
No of words: 239.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.89958158996 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.93187294222 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.24443352247 2.5805825403 87% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.560669456067 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 339.3 419.366225166 81% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 26.0 21.2450331126 122% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 65.0733679002 49.2860985944 132% => OK
Chars per sentence: 130.111111111 110.228320801 118% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.5555555556 21.698381199 122% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.0 7.06452816374 156% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.373634694868 0.272083759551 137% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.163374947755 0.0996497079465 164% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0737989207441 0.0662205650399 111% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.215364027925 0.162205337803 133% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0872737833665 0.0443174109184 197% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.9 13.3589403974 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 62.01 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.44 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.97 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 46.0 63.6247240618 72% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 17.5 10.7273730684 163% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 10.498013245 118% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.