Reading and lecture are both about pterosaurs, which were an ancient group of winged reptiles. The writer states that pterosaurs were not able to fly and provides three reasons of support. However, the speaker casts doubt on the claims made by writers, saying that a research gives some clues which contradicts the passage's idea.
First, pterosaurs body's was covered with dense hair similar to fur. The writer asserts that this dinosaur was cold-blooded, and because of its slow metabolism it could not have been able to fly. Anyway, the speaker refutes this by adding that the presence of hair is a sign that pterosaurs was warm-blooded. As a result, this animal could have generate enough energy in order to fly. So, this idea gainsays the author's point of view.
Second, it had atypical body features when compared with other reptiles. The writer affirms that pterosaurs heavy weight was an impediment for powered flying. In contrast, the lecturer argue this by saying that its bones were hallow not solid, and therefore this particular and unique feature kept the body weight low. In other words, since its weight was not a problem, pterosaurs could fly. This counters the passage.
Third, there is a difference between birds and this dinosaur. The former has two hind limbs while the latter had four limbs. Actually there are other animals that use four hind limbs to walk on the ground and to run. This allowed pterosaurs to run very fast and to jump in order to launch itself into the air. So, the last argument of the writer does not stand up either.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 266, Rule ID: A_UNCOUNTABLE[1]
Message: Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply 'research'.
Suggestion: research
...the claims made by writers, saying that a research gives some clues which contradicts the ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 316, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'passages'' or 'passage's'?
Suggestion: passages'; passage's
... gives some clues which contradicts the passages idea. First, pterosaurs bodys was co...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 345, Rule ID: HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Use past participle here: 'generated'.
Suggestion: generated
...ed. As a result, this animal could have generate enough energy in order to fly. So, this...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 109, Rule ID: HEAVY_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'heavyweight'?
Suggestion: heavyweight
...les. The writer affirms that pterosaurs heavy weight was an impediment for powered flying. I...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 227, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'hallowed'.
Suggestion: hallowed
...rgue this by saying that its bones were hallow not solid, and therefore this particula...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, anyway, first, however, if, second, so, therefore, third, while, in contrast, as a result, in other words
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1301.0 1373.03311258 95% => OK
No of words: 267.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 4.87265917603 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04229324003 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.32401153437 2.5805825403 90% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.588014981273 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 385.2 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.9134632374 49.2860985944 65% => OK
Chars per sentence: 72.2777777778 110.228320801 66% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.8333333333 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.38888888889 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 12.0 4.27373068433 281% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.245545762338 0.272083759551 90% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0738395573842 0.0996497079465 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0609340183519 0.0662205650399 92% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.141869048788 0.162205337803 87% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0286022864902 0.0443174109184 65% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.9 13.3589403974 67% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 74.19 53.8541721854 138% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 6.4 11.0289183223 58% => Flesch kincaid grade is low.
coleman_liau_index: 10.37 12.2367328918 85% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.06 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 63.6247240618 99% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 71.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.