Underwater, whales produce loud noises: known as songs. Scientists use whale songs to study the movements for migrations, of groups of whales. Recently, scientists discovered something unusual: a single, solitary whale whose song is unlike that of all other known whales. The most notable difference between this unusual whale's song and those of other whales is its high pitch or frequency This unique whale is called the 52-hertz whale because it sings at the unusual frequency of 52 hertz, a much higher pitch than normal. When the 52-hertz whale was first detected, the cause of its uniquely high-pitched song was unknown; however, scientists now have several theories to explain it.
One theory holds that the 52-hertz whale may be a hybrid: the offspring of two different whale species Whales of different species are known to interbreed and produce hybrid offspring that combine characteristics from each of their parents' species. As a hybrid, the whale may have a unique song, different from that of either of its parents because it resulted from a combi nation of the two
A second theory is that the 52-hertz whale may have a damaged sense of hearing Just as people learn to speak by copying the sounds they hear, whales may learn to sing by listening to the sounds of other whales* songs. When people are born deaf, their speech may sound different from that of people born hearing. Similarly, the 52-hertz whale’s songs may sound different simply because it cannot hear the songs of other whales.
A third theory holds that the 52-hertz whale may be the only known member of a rare species Perhaps there were once many more whales of this species, but most are now gone. It seems to be entirely unique only because most of its species has died out.
In the reading passage, the author concentrates on several theories to explain the high pitch of the song of a solitary whale, known as the 52-hertz whale. However, the lecturer casts doubt on these theories and points out the problems with all the author's assertions.
Firstly, the author argues that this unusual whale may be the hybrid offspring of two different whale species. Nevertheless, the lecturer challenges this idea and states that it is unlikely that the produced sound is hybrid since whales are able to migrate through 9 hybrid patterns, and they migrate with all the whales which have the same pattern. However, this whale migrates alone and does not migrate with other whales.
Secondly, the author suggests that this odd song may be the result of a damaged sense of hearing, like the way humans will experience when they are born deaf. By contrast, the lecturer brings up the fact that the sound is very high pitch and it resulted from the uniqueness of the throat's physical structure of the whale, just like some humans whose unusual voice is the consequence of their different throat structure. There is actually no connection between the sense of hearing and the type of voice.
Lastly, the author asserts that this whale may be the only member of a rare species, but most members are now gone. Conversely, the lecturer refutes this claim too and clarifies that if this whale was the only member of a rare species and other members have died out, there would be its parents or other relatives around recently. However, scientific data does not show any similar sound before this unique whale.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, conversely, first, firstly, however, if, lastly, may, nevertheless, second, secondly, so
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1345.0 1373.03311258 98% => OK
No of words: 275.0 270.72406181 102% => OK
Chars per words: 4.89090909091 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07223819929 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.36547061695 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 154.0 145.348785872 106% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.56 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 409.5 419.366225166 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 62.4999834711 49.2860985944 127% => OK
Chars per sentence: 122.272727273 110.228320801 111% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.0 21.698381199 115% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.36363636364 7.06452816374 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.280996347384 0.272083759551 103% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.114276679948 0.0996497079465 115% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0856597562899 0.0662205650399 129% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.172643021526 0.162205337803 106% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0725381153867 0.0443174109184 164% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.1 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.56 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.38 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.26 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 83 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.